Triparic Word Formation
Affixes are categorized according to the part of speech they produce.
Asterisks indicate an affix which Shawn is proposing and not yet ratified by Carrie and Alan.
Noun-forming
| Affix | Applied to | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| -er | Verbs | Agent of the verb | dixen "speak" → dixer "speaker" |
| Verbs | Patient of the verb | ||
| Nouns | Person from the place | ||
| Verbs | Place where it is done | ||
| -ist | Nouns, Verbs | Profession, vocation, philosophy | luden "to play" → ludist "professional player" |
| -nes | Adjectives | State of being the adjective | rod "red" → rodnes "redness" |
| -kin | Nouns | Young, offspring | cän "dog" → cänkin "puppy" |
| -let | Nouns | Diminutive | pådd "house" → påddlet "small house, bungalow, cottage" |
Adjective-forming
| Affix | Applied to | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| -axe | Verbs | Having a tendency to the verb | quiren "to ask" → quiraxe "inquisitive" |
| -eble | Verbs | Passive capability for the verb | viden "to see" → videble "visible" |
| *-esc | Nouns | Similar to the noun | Kalmont → Kalmontesc "like Kalmont" |
| *-isch | Adjectives | Similar to the base adjective, but not quite meeting the standard | rod "red" → rodisch "reddish" |
| Nouns | Full of, having in abundance | ||
| Nouns | Made of, characterized by |
Verb-forming
| Affix | Applied to | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| fe-en | Nouns | Process of making something into the noun | könig "king" → fekönigen "enthrone" |
| Verbs | Causative |
Adverb-forming
| Affix | Applied to | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| -lic | Adjectives | Basic adverbial form of the adjective | gross "large" → grosslic "largely" |
Sources (for ideas)
Nouns From Verbs
| Purpose | English | German | Latin | French | Esperanto | Old Tri. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient (To whom is it done?) |
-ee (trainee) |
-atus | -ato | |||
| State/condition of doing it or having it done |
-ment and others (amusement, astonishment) |
-tum, -ung, -schaft | -or (dolor, amor, timor, horror, clamor) |
-ment et al | ||
| The action itself or result of doing it |
-tion (retaliation, indignation) |
-ung (for Germanic roots), -tion (for Romance roots) | -(t)io (deliberatio) |
-tion et al | -ado | Inconsistent; sometimes -at or -stanz (proponat, sagenstanz) |
| Variously related to the act |
-(t)ium, -tura (cultura, odium, ingenium, oblivium) |
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| Instrument for doing or thing which does the act |
-er, -tor (stapler, cutter, vibrator) |
-er, -el, -zeug | -men(tum), -(c)ulum, etc. (flumen, nomen, vinculum, impedimentum) |
-oir (miroir, accoudoir) |
-ilo | |
| Place of doing the act |
-oir (abbatoir, dortoir) |
-ejo (lernejo) |
Nouns From Other Nouns
| Purpose | English | German | Latin | French | Esperanto | Old Tri. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Act, condition, characteristic | -(i)(t)y, -mony (authority, victory, patrimony) |
-(t)ium, -tas, -monium, -(t)ia (auctoritas, victoria, auspicium, patrimonium) |
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| Place | -arium | -arium (aerarium, tabularium) |
-plåx (Schattenplåx)[1] | |||
| Office | -ate (principate, shogunate) |
-at (Prinzipat, S(c)hogunat) |
-atus (senatus, potentatus) |
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| Diminutive | -ling, -let, -kin (munchkin, hamlet, stripling) |
-lein, -chen (Fräulein, Mädchen) |
-ulus/a, -ellus/a, -culus/a, etc. (navicula, castellum) |
-et/te | -eto (dometo, knabeto) |
- ↑ This is an independent word for "place", so arguably this is not a suffix but part of compounds.
Adjectives From Verbs
| Purpose | English | German | Latin | French | Esperanto | Old Tri. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ongoing Condition | -bund, -cund | -bundus, -(c)undus (moribundus, fecundus) |
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| State/Condition[1] | -id | -idus (frigidus, timidus, pallidus) |
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| Tendency | -acious | -ax (audax, tenax, mendax) |
- ↑ A lot of the Latin words of this type have nouns in -or: timor, pallor, etc.
Adjectives From Nouns
| Purpose | English | German | Latin | French | Esperanto | Old Tri. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fullness | -ose, -ous, -ful | -osus (bellicosus, religiosus) |
-vol (fäþvol) | |||
| Having | -ous, -ate | -haft (ehrenhaft, krankhaft) |
-(a)tus (barbatus, togatus) |
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| Composition/Quality | -y, -ous | -eus (argenteus, ferreus, consanguineus) |
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| Place pertaining to | -ia | -anus/ia, -ensis (Brittania, Germania) |
-ia, -ujo | |||
| Pertaining/belonging | -al, -ic, -ian, -ly (paternal, manly, equestrian, acidic) |
-ter/tris, -alis, -aris (muralis, equester, militaris) |
-ique (cabalistique) |
-ik (centrik, pengwinik) |
Verbs From Nouns
| Purpose | English | German | Latin | French | Esperanto | Old Tri. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denominatives | -are, -ere, etc. (pugnare, salvere) |
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| Inceptives (To begin the verb) |
-sco (irasco, ardesco, albesco) |
Other suffixes not to miss
- -ology