Triparic Correlatives
Table of Correlatives
Note: Shawn copied this table originally from the WP Esperanto article. Words in bold are actually Triparic. Otherwise, we're still editing.
| Question ("What") |
Near ("This") |
Far ("That") |
Indefinite ("Some") |
General ("Any") |
Universal ("Each, every") |
Negative ("No") | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (v-) | (ist-) | (il-) | (alv-) | (quiv-) | (chav-) | (ni-) | |
| Reason | varum (why) |
— | ilum (therefore) |
— | — | — | — |
| Manner | vi (how, as) |
— (in this way) |
zo (thus, as, so) |
alvi (somehow) |
quivi (in any way) |
— | — |
| Place | vo (where) |
hir (here) |
dir (there) |
alvo (somewhere) |
quivo (anywhere) |
chavo (everywhere) |
nivo (nowhere) |
| Time | vann (when) |
nann (now) |
dann (then) |
alvann (sometime) |
quivann (anytime) |
semper (always) |
ninn (never) |
| Thing | vas (what) |
ista (this thing) |
ila (that thing) |
alvid (something) |
quivid (anything) |
alles (everything) |
nivid (nothing) |
| Person | vei (who) |
istei (this one) |
ilei (that one) |
alvei (someone) |
quivei (anyone) |
chavei (everyone) |
nivei (no one) |
| Possessor | veis (whose) |
isteis (this one's) |
ileis (that one's) |
alveis (someone's) |
quiveis (whoever's, anyone's) |
chaveis (everyone's) |
niveis (no one's) |
| Amount | vi molt'o (how much of) |
ista molt'o (this much of) |
ila molt'o (that much of) |
alva (some) |
quila (any) |
alle (all) |
ni (no) |
| Selection | vila(s) ... (which ...) |
ista(s) ... (this/these ...) |
ila(s) ... (that/those ...) |
alva(s) ... (some ...) |
quila(s) ... (whichever ..., any ...) |
chila, alle (each ..., all ...) |
ni ... (no ...) |
Other Correlative Expressions
Quality: gen ("... kind of ...")
Phrases like "what kind of", "that kind of", and so forth are formed in Triparic much as in English, with the selection correlatives and the noun gen "kind, sort": Vila gen o mensch tuðet ista? "What kind of man would do this?" Ila gen o plåx ist ni gut. "That kind of place is no good."
Occasion: fø ("at ... time", "sometimes")
English does not always clearly distinguish expressions of time from occasion: "I never saw him" versus "At no time did I see him"; "He's there now" (at this moment on a clock) versus "He's there this time" (there have been repeated attempts to locate him there, but this attempt has succeeded).
Phrases of occasion are formed using the selection correlatives in the phrase en ... fø, which can be translated "at ... time", "on ... occasion", or "in ... instance": Er ist dir en ista fø. "He's there [at] this time." Ego videde erm en ni fø. "I saw him at no time".