Triparic Verbs
Simple Tenses
| lesen "to read" | |||
| Person | Present | Past | Future |
|---|---|---|---|
| ego | sag-e | sag-d-e | sag-ir-e |
| ðŏ | sag-est | sag-d-est | sag-ir-est |
| ex | sag-et | sag-d-et | sag-ir-et |
| wå | sag-am | sag-d-am | sag-ir-am |
| vø | sag-asch | sag-d-asch | sag-ir-asch |
| enge | sag-ant | sag-d-ant | sag-ir-ant |
The present tense of regular Triparic verbs is formed by adding the personal endings directly to the stem.
The past tense is formed by adding -d- between the stem and the personal ending. There are two complications to this:
- For stems ending in a voiceless consonant, the -d- is replaced by -t-: leste, lestest, and so forth.
- For stems ending in -d or -t, an -e- is inserted first: ego brødede "I embroidered".
The future tense is formed by adding -ir- between the stem and the personal ending.
Participles
Triparic verbs have two main participles: the past participle, and the passive participle.
The past participle is ge- + the verb stem + -et: geleset, gebrødet.
The passive participle is be- + the verb stem + -et: beleset, bebrødet.
Perfect tenses
The perfect tenses are formed by using the tenses of haben with the past participle. The present of haben forms the (present) perfect; the past, the past or pluperfect; and the future, the future perfect.
The past participle in a perfect tense construction is placed at the end of the sentence.
Der mensch habet zu der mädin gescrivet.
Passive tenses
The passive tenses are formed by using the tenses of with the passive participle. The present, past, and future of form the simple present, past, and future passive.
Irregular Verbs
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