Triparic Word Formation

Affixes are categorized according to the part of speech they produce.

Asterisks indicate an affix which Shawn is proposing and not yet ratified by Carrie and Alan.

Noun-forming

Affix	Applied to	Purpose	Example
-er	Verbs	Agent of the verb	dixen "speak" → dixer "speaker"
-ist	Nouns, Verbs	Profession, vocation, philosophy	luden "to play" → ludist "professional player"
-kin	Nouns	Young, offspring	cän "dog" → cänkin "puppy"
-let	Nouns	Diminutive	pådd "house" → påddlet "small house, bungalow, cottage"
-nes	Adjectives	State of being the adjective	rod "red" → rodnes "redness"
	Verbs	Patient/object of the verb French: -é (fr) m, -ée (fr) f; Italian: -ato m, -ata f; Spanish: -ado (es) m, -ada (es) f, Latin -atus, Esperanto -ato
	Verbs	The action itself Dutch: -ing (nl) (Germanic), -tie (nl) (Romanic); French: -tion (fr); German: -ung (de) (Germanic), -tion (Romanic); Italian: -zione (unless previous letter was "s", when "t" remains as is, like in "digestione", "questione", etc.); Latin: -tiō f; Portuguese: -ção (pt) (unless previous letter was "s", when "t" remains as is, like in "digestão", "questão", etc.); Romanian: -ție, -țiune (unless previous letter was "s", when "t" remains as is, like in "digestie", "chestiune", etc.), -ciune; Spanish: -ción (es) (unless previous letter was "s", when "t" remains as is, like in "digestión", "cuestión", etc.)
	Nouns	Ethnonyms English -(i)an, Esperanto -(an)o, German -er(in), French -ien(ne), Italian -ese, Portuguese: -ês, -ense; Spanish: -és, -ense (es) m, -esa f
	Nouns	State of being English -ship; Dutch: -schap (nl); German: -schaft (de); Portuguese: -idade (pt) f; Romanian: -ie f, -itate f, -tate f, -ătate f; Spanish: -azgo (es) m, -dad (es) f
	Verbs	Place where it is done English -arium, -ory; Portuguese -ário, French -oir(e); Latin -arium, -orium; Esperanto -ejo

Adjective-forming

Affix	Applied to	Purpose	Example
-axe	Verbs	Having a tendency to the verb	quiren "to ask" → quiraxe "inquisitive"
-eble	Verbs	Passive capability for the verb	viden "to see" → videble "visible"
*-esc	Nouns	Similar to the noun	Kalmont → Kalmontesc "like Kalmont"
*-isch	Adjectives	Similar to the base adjective, but not quite meeting the standard	rod "red" → rodisch "reddish"
	Nouns	Full of, having in abundance English -ful(l); Dutch -vol; German -voll
	Nouns	Lacking English -less; Dutch -loos; German -los
	Nouns	Of or pertaining to English: -ic; Dutch: -isch (nl); French: -ique (fr); German: -isch (de); Italian: -ico; Latin: -icus (la); Portuguese: -ico (pt) m; Spanish: -ico (es)
	Nouns	Made of, characterized by English -ous, -ose; French -eux (fr) m, -euse (fr) f; German: -haft, -ös (de); Italian: -oso (it) m, -osa f; Latin: -osus (la) m, -osa f, -osum n; Portuguese: -oso (pt); Romanian: -os (ro) m, n, -oasă f; Spanish: -oso (es), -udo (es)

Verb-forming

Affix	Applied to	Purpose	Example
Infinitive ending or other normal verb inflections	Nouns	Denominal verb: the action or event inherently linked to the noun	pådd "house" → pådden "to house"
fe-en	Nouns	Process of making something into the noun	könig "king" → fekönigen "enthrone"
	Various	Process of becoming or beginning English -esce (quiesce, coalesce), Latin -ēscō, Italian -isco

Adverb-forming

Affix	Applied to	Purpose	Example
-lic	Adjectives	Basic adverbial form of the adjective	gross "large" → grosslic "largely"

Sources (for ideas)

Nouns From Other Nouns

Purpose	English	German	Latin	French	Esperanto	Old Tri.
Act, condition, characteristic	-(i)(t)y, -mony (authority, victory, patrimony)		-(t)ium, -tas, -monium, -(t)ia (auctoritas, victoria, auspicium, patrimonium)
Place	-arium		-arium (aerarium, tabularium)			-plåx (Schattenplåx)
Office	-ate (principate, shogunate)	-at (Prinzipat, S(c)hogunat)	-atus (senatus, potentatus)

Adjectives From Verbs

Purpose	English	German	Latin	French	Esperanto	Old Tri.
Ongoing Condition	-bund, -cund		-bundus, -(c)undus (moribundus, fecundus)
State/Condition	-id		-idus (frigidus, timidus, pallidus)

Other suffixes not to miss

• -ology