Triparic Word Formation
Affixes are categorized according to the part of speech they produce.
Asterisks indicate an affix which Shawn is proposing and not yet ratified by Carrie and Alan.
Noun-forming
| Affix | Applied to | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| -er | Verbs | Agent of the verb | dixen "speak" → dixer "speaker" |
| -ist | Nouns, Verbs | Profession, vocation, philosophy | luden "to play" → ludist "professional player" |
| -kin | Nouns | Young, offspring | cän "dog" → cänkin "puppy" |
| -let | Nouns | Diminutive | pådd "house" → påddlet "small house, bungalow, cottage" |
| -nes | Adjectives | State of being the adjective | rod "red" → rodnes "redness" |
| Verbs | Patient/object of the verb French: -é (fr) m, -ée (fr) f; Italian: -ato m, -ata f; Spanish: -ado (es) m, -ada (es) f, Latin -atus, Esperanto -ato |
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| Verbs | The action itself Dutch: -ing (nl) (Germanic), -tie (nl) (Romanic); French: -tion (fr); German: -ung (de) (Germanic), -tion (Romanic); Italian: -zione (unless previous letter was "s", when "t" remains as is, like in "digestione", "questione", etc.); Latin: -tiō f; Portuguese: -ção (pt) (unless previous letter was "s", when "t" remains as is, like in "digestão", "questão", etc.); Romanian: -ție, -țiune (unless previous letter was "s", when "t" remains as is, like in "digestie", "chestiune", etc.), -ciune; Spanish: -ción (es) (unless previous letter was "s", when "t" remains as is, like in "digestión", "cuestión", etc.) |
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| Nouns | Ethnonyms English -(i)an, Esperanto -(an)o, German -er(in), French -ien(ne), Italian -ese, Portuguese: -ês, -ense; Spanish: -és, -ense (es) m, -esa f |
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| Nouns | State of being English -ship; Dutch: -schap (nl); German: -schaft (de); Portuguese: -idade (pt) f; Romanian: -ie f, -itate f, -tate f, -ătate f; Spanish: -azgo (es) m, -dad (es) f |
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| Verbs | Place where it is done English -arium, -ory; Portuguese -ário, French -oir(e); Latin -arium, -orium; Esperanto -ejo |
Adjective-forming
| Affix | Applied to | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| -axe | Verbs | Having a tendency to the verb | quiren "to ask" → quiraxe "inquisitive" |
| -eble | Verbs | Passive capability for the verb | viden "to see" → videble "visible" |
| *-esc | Nouns | Similar to the noun | Kalmont → Kalmontesc "like Kalmont" |
| *-isch | Adjectives | Similar to the base adjective, but not quite meeting the standard | rod "red" → rodisch "reddish" |
| Nouns | Full of, having in abundance | ||
| Nouns | Made of, characterized by |
Verb-forming
| Affix | Applied to | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| (no affix) | Nouns | Denominal verb: the action or event inherently linked to the noun | pådd "house" → pådden "to house" |
| fe-en | Nouns | Process of making something into the noun | könig "king" → fekönigen "enthrone" |
| Various | Process of becoming or beginning English -esce (quiesce, coalesce), Latin -ēscō, Italian -isco |
Adverb-forming
| Affix | Applied to | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| -lic | Adjectives | Basic adverbial form of the adjective | gross "large" → grosslic "largely" |
Sources (for ideas)
Nouns From Other Nouns
| Purpose | English | German | Latin | French | Esperanto | Old Tri. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Act, condition, characteristic | -(i)(t)y, -mony (authority, victory, patrimony) |
-(t)ium, -tas, -monium, -(t)ia (auctoritas, victoria, auspicium, patrimonium) |
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| Place | -arium | -arium (aerarium, tabularium) |
-plåx (Schattenplåx)[1] | |||
| Office | -ate (principate, shogunate) |
-at (Prinzipat, S(c)hogunat) |
-atus (senatus, potentatus) |
- ↑ This is an independent word for "place", so arguably this is not a suffix but part of compounds.
Adjectives From Verbs
| Purpose | English | German | Latin | French | Esperanto | Old Tri. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ongoing Condition | -bund, -cund | -bundus, -(c)undus (moribundus, fecundus) |
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| State/Condition[1] | -id | -idus (frigidus, timidus, pallidus) |
- ↑ A lot of the Latin words of this type have nouns in -or: timor, pallor, etc.
Adjectives From Nouns
| Purpose | English | German | Latin | French | Esperanto | Old Tri. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fullness | -ose, -ous, -ful | -osus (bellicosus, religiosus) |
-vol (fäþvol) | |||
| Having | -ous, -ate | -haft (ehrenhaft, krankhaft) |
-(a)tus (barbatus, togatus) |
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| Composition/Quality | -y, -ous | -eus (argenteus, ferreus, consanguineus) |
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| Pertaining/belonging | -al, -ic, -ian, -ly (paternal, manly, equestrian, acidic) |
-ter/tris, -alis, -aris (muralis, equester, militaris) |
-ique (cabalistique) |
-ik (centrik, pengwinik) |
Verbs From Nouns
| Purpose | English | German | Latin | French | Esperanto | Old Tri. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denominatives | -are, -ere, etc. (pugnare, salvere) |
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| Inceptives (To begin the verb) |
-sco (irasco, ardesco, albesco) |
Other suffixes not to miss
- -ology