Triparic Word Formation
Affixes are categorized according to the part of speech they produce.
The tables in this page which are just affix/applied to/purpose/example are the ones we've discussed anew, or (with asterisks) Shawn's proposals for discussion. The multilingual tables are for ideas.
Nouns
From Verbs
| Affix | Applied to | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| -er | Verbs | Forms the agent of the verb. | dixen "speak" → dixer "speaker" |
| Verbs | Forms the patient of the verb. | ||
| *-ist | Verbs | Profession, vocation, philosophy |
| Purpose | English | German | Latin | French | Esperanto | Old Tri. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agent (Who does the verb?) |
-er, -tor | -er/in | -tor/-trix (salvator, imperatrix) |
-eur/-euse, -ier/e | -anto (esperanto, "one who hopes") |
-eur (administeur) |
| Patient (To whom is it done?) |
-ee (trainee) |
-ato | ||||
| State/condition of doing it or having it done |
-ment and others (amusement, astonishment) |
-tum, -ung, -schaft | -or (dolor, amor, timor, horror, clamor) |
-ment et al | ||
| The action itself or result of doing it |
-tion (retaliation, indignation) |
-ung (for Germanic roots), -tion (for Romance roots) | -(t)io (deliberatio) |
-tion et al | -ado | Inconsistent; sometimes -at or -stanz (proponat, sagenstanz) |
| Variously related to the act |
-(t)ium, -tura (cultura, odium, ingenium, oblivium) |
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| Instrument for doing or thing which does the act |
-er, -tor (stapler, cutter, vibrator) |
-er, -el, -zeug | -men(tum), -(c)ulum, etc. (flumen, nomen, vinculum, impedimentum) |
-oir (miroir, accoudoir) |
-ilo | |
| Place of doing the act |
-oir (abbatoir, dortoir) |
-ejo (lernejo) |
From Other Nouns
| Purpose | English | German | Latin | French | Esperanto | Old Tri. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Act, condition, characteristic | -(i)(t)y, -mony (authority, victory, patrimony) |
-(t)ium, -tas, -monium, -(t)ia (auctoritas, victoria, auspicium, patrimonium) |
||||
| Place | -arium | -arium (aerarium, tabularium) |
-plåx (Schattenplåx)[1] | |||
| Office | -ate (principate, shogunate) |
-at (Prinzipat, S(c)hogunat) |
-atus (senatus, potentatus) |
|||
| Diminutive | -ling, -let, -kin (munchkin, hamlet, stripling) |
-lein, -chen (Fräulein, Mädchen) |
-ulus/a, -ellus/a, -culus/a, etc. (navicula, castellum) |
-et/te | -eto (dometo, knabeto) |
- ↑ This is an independent word for "place", so arguably this is not a suffix but part of compounds.
From Adjectives
| Purpose | English | German | Latin | French | Esperanto | Old Tri. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quality/Condition | -tude, -ship, -ness (solitude, friendship, vagueness) |
-tät, -nis (Solidarität, Geheimnis) |
-(t)ia, -tas, -tudo (tristitia, turpitudo, nobilitas) |
-ité (virilité, réalité) |
-eco (vireco, amikeco) |
Adjectives
| Affix | Applied to | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| *-eble | Verbs | Forms adjectives for things to which the verb may happen. | viden "to see" → videble "visible" |
| *-esc | Nouns | Forms adjectives for things which are similar to the noun. | Kalmont → Kalmontesc "like Kalmont" |
| *-isch | Adjectives | Forms adjectives for things which are similar to the base adjective. | rod "red" → rodisch "reddish" |
From Verbs
| Purpose | English | German | Latin | French | Esperanto | Old Tri. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ongoing Condition | -bund, -cund | -bundus, -(c)undus (moribundus, fecundus) |
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| State/Condition[1] | -id | -idus (frigidus, timidus, pallidus) |
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| Passive Capability | -ble, -tile | -(b)ilis, -tilis (nobilis, volatilis) |
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| Tendency | -acious | -ax (audax, tenax, mendax) |
- ↑ A lot of the Latin words of this type have nouns in -or: timor, pallor, etc.
From Nouns
| Purpose | English | German | Latin | French | Esperanto | Old Tri. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fullness | -ose, -ous, -ful | -osus (bellicosus, religiosus) |
-vol (fäþvol) | |||
| Having | -ous, -ate | -haft (ehrenhaft, krankhaft) |
-(a)tus (barbatus, togatus) |
|||
| Composition/Quality | -y, -ous | -eus (argenteus, ferreus, consanguineus) |
||||
| Place pertaining to | -ia | -anus/ia, -ensis (Brittania, Germania) |
-ia, -ujo | |||
| Pertaining/belonging | -al, -ic, -ian, -ly (paternal, manly, equestrian, acidic) |
-ter/tris, -alis, -aris (muralis, equester, militaris) |
-ique (cabalistique) |
-ik (centrik, pengwinik) |
Verbs
| Affix | Applied to | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| *fe-en | Nouns | Forms the process of making something into the noun. | könig "king" → fekönigen "enthrone" |
From Nouns
| Purpose | English | German | Latin | French | Esperanto | Old Tri. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denominatives | -are, -ere, etc. (pugnare, salvere) |
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| Inceptives (To begin the verb) |
-sco (irasco, ardesco, albesco) |
Adverbs
| Affix | Applied to | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| -lic | Adjectives | Forms basic adverbs from adjectives | gross "large" → grosslic "largely" |