Triparic Verbs
Simple Tenses
| lesen "to read" | |||
| Person | Present | Past | Future |
|---|---|---|---|
| ego | sag-e | sag-d-e | sag-ir-e |
| ðŏ | sag-est | sag-d-est | sag-ir-est |
| ei | sag-et | sag-d-et | sag-ir-et |
| nø | sag-am | sag-d-am | sag-ir-am |
| vø | sag-asch | sag-d-asch | sag-ir-asch |
| eng | sag-ant | sag-d-ant | sag-ir-ant |
The present tense of regular Triparic verbs is formed by adding the personal endings directly to the stem.
The past tense is formed by adding -d- between the stem and the personal ending. There are two complications to this:
- For stems ending in a voiceless consonant, the -d- is replaced by -t-: leste, lestest, and so forth.
- For stems ending in -d or -t, an -e- is inserted first: ego brødede "I embroidered".
The future tense is formed by adding -ir- between the stem and the personal ending. There is one complication:
- For stems ending in -r, an -s- is inserted first: ego färsire "I will make".
Participles
Triparic verbs have two main participles: the past participle, and the passive participle.
The past participle is ge- + the verb stem + -et: geleset, gebrødet.
The passive participle is be- + the verb stem + -et: beleset, bebrødet.
Perfect tenses
The perfect tenses are formed by using the tenses of haben with the past participle. The present of haben forms the (present) perfect; the past, the past or pluperfect; and the future, the future perfect.
The past participle in a perfect tense construction is placed at the end of the sentence.
Der mensch habet zu der mädin gescrivet.
Passive Voice
The passive voice is formed by using the tenses of sän with the passive participle. The present, past, and future of sän form the simple present, past, and future passive.
For the passive perfect tenses, one uses the tenses of sän with the passive participle of the main verb and the infinitive of haben.
| Present | Der chocolad ist bä der mensch bedeziret. | "The chocolate is desired by the man." |
| Past | Der chocolad vat bä der mensch bedeziret. | "The chocolate was desired by the man." |
| Future | Der chocolad sert bä der mensch bedeziret. | "The chocolate will be desired by the man." |
| Perfect | Der chocolad ist bä der mensch haben bedeziret. | "The chocolate has been desired by the man." |
| Pluperfect | Der chocolad vat bä der mensch haben bedeziret. | "The chocolate had been desired by the man." |
| Future Perfect | Der chocolad sert bä der mensch haben bedeziret. | "The chocolate shall have been desired by the man." |
Imperative Mood
The imperative is formed simply by adding -e (singular) or -asch (plural) to the present stem:
Färe! "Make!" Rigardasch! "(All of you) Look!"
Irregular Verbs
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||