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Triparic Pronunciation: Difference between revisions

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!style="width:34%;"|Classical Description
!style="width:34%;"|Classical Description
!style="width:34%;"|Reformed Description
!style="width:34%;"|Reformed Description
!Provisional Choice
|-
|-
|'''Ä ä'''
|'''Ä ä'''
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| colspan="2" |/eɪ/
| colspan="2" |/eɪ/
| colspan="2" |Like {{ab|a}} in ''rate''.
| colspan="2" |Like {{ab|a}} in ''rate''.
|same
|-
|-
|'''Å å'''
|'''Å å'''
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| colspan="2" |/æ/
| colspan="2" |/æ/
| colspan="2" |Like {{ab|a}} in ''bath''.
| colspan="2" |Like {{ab|a}} in ''bath''.
|same
|-
|-
|'''Ã ã'''
|'''Ã ã'''
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| colspan="2" |/ə/
| colspan="2" |/ə/
| colspan="2" |Like {{ab|a}} in ''about''.
| colspan="2" |Like {{ab|a}} in ''about''.
|same
|-
|-
|'''Ç ç'''
|'''Ç ç'''
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| colspan="2" |/s/
| colspan="2" |/s/
| colspan="2" |Like {{ab|c}} in ''certain''.
| colspan="2" |Like {{ab|c}} in ''certain''.
|same
|-
|-
|'''Ê ê'''  
|'''Ê ê'''  
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|Longer {{ab|e}}
|Longer {{ab|e}}
|Replaced consistently with '''ä'''
|Replaced consistently with '''ä'''
|
|-
|-
|'''Î î'''  
|'''Î î'''  
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|nasal "i" like in French ''fin''
|nasal "i" like in French ''fin''
|Replaced with '''i''' in most words; '''å''' in a few
|Replaced with '''i''' in most words; '''å''' in a few
|
|-
|-
|'''Ñ ñ'''
|'''Ñ ñ'''
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|Palatalized "n" like {{ab|ny}} in English ''canyon''
|Palatalized "n" like {{ab|ny}} in English ''canyon''
|Very rare.  The diacritic was eliminated; where the sound was kept, spelled {{ab|ny}}.
|Very rare.  The diacritic was eliminated; where the sound was kept, spelled {{ab|ny}}.
|
|-
|-
|'''Ö ö'''
|'''Ö ö'''
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|Like {{ab|ou}} in ''house''.
|Like {{ab|ou}} in ''house''.
|No good English equivalent. Like in German ''Göttin''.<br>An approximation is the {{ab|e}} in the syllable ''er''.
|No good English equivalent. Like in German ''Göttin''.<br>An approximation is the {{ab|e}} in the syllable ''er''.
|Classical
|-
|-
|'''Ŏ ŏ'''
|'''Ŏ ŏ'''
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|Not present in Classical Triparik.
|Not present in Classical Triparik.
|Like {{ab|ou}} in ''house''.
|Like {{ab|ou}} in ''house''.
|Classical
(i.e. none)
|-
|-
|'''Ø ø'''
|'''Ø ø'''
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|No good English equivalent. Like in German ''Göttin''.<br>An approximation is the {{ab|e}} in the syllable ''er''.
|No good English equivalent. Like in German ''Göttin''.<br>An approximation is the {{ab|e}} in the syllable ''er''.
|Like {{ab|oy}} in ''boy''.
|Like {{ab|oy}} in ''boy''.
|Classical
|-
|-
|'''Õ õ'''
|'''Õ õ'''
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|Like {{ab|oy}} in ''boy''.
|Like {{ab|oy}} in ''boy''.
|Not present after reforms.
|Not present after reforms.
|Classical
|-
|-
|'''Ô ô'''
|'''Ô ô'''
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|Longer {{ab|e}}, as {{ab|oa}} in English ''boat''
|Longer {{ab|e}}, as {{ab|oa}} in English ''boat''
|No significant difference from '''o''', so replaced with that
|No significant difference from '''o''', so replaced with that
|
|-
|-
|'''Ü ü'''
|'''Ü ü'''
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| colspan="2" |/y/
| colspan="2" |/y/
| colspan="2" |No good English equivalent. Like in German ''müssen''.<br>Like the vowel '''i''' but with rounded lips.
| colspan="2" |No good English equivalent. Like in German ''müssen''.<br>Like the vowel '''i''' but with rounded lips.
|
|-
|-
|'''Û û'''  
|'''Û û'''  
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but in practice it was more like in French "brun" (/œ̃/)
but in practice it was more like in French "brun" (/œ̃/)
|Approximated with '''ã''', so replaced with that
|Approximated with '''ã''', so replaced with that
|
|}
|}


Revision as of 17:50, 27 May 2022

The Alphabet

The Triparic alphabet consists of 29 letters: the standard 26-letter English alphabet plus Æ, Ð, and Þ.

Letter Name Classical Sound Reformed Sound Classical Description Reformed Description Provisional Choice
A a ah /a/ Like in father. same
Æ æ æsch /aɪ/ Like the word aye. same
B b beh /b/ Like in ball. same
C c cheh /c/, /k/, /s/ /k/ Like ⟨ch⟩ in church at end of words or before e or i;

like in cell when marked with the cedilla (ç, see below);

differently in the multigraphs sch, tsch (see below);

elsewhere (before consonants, a, or o) like in cat.

Like in cap, except in the multigraphs ch and sch (see below).

Never as in cell except when marked with the cedilla (ç); see below.

as reformed
D d deh /d/ Like in dog. same
Ð ð ið /ð/ Like ⟨th⟩ in there. same
E e eh /e/ Similar to ⟨ay⟩ in may, but less of a diphthong.
More like the "pure" ⟨e⟩ in Romance languages. 		same
F f if /f/ Like in fill. same
G g geh /g/ Like in garden. Never as in Gerald. same
H h heh /h/ Like in happy. same
I i ih /j/ or /i/ When before another vowel, like ⟨y⟩ in yet;
otherwise, like in machine. 		same
J j jeh /dʒ/ Like in jump. Never as in jejeune. same
K k keh /k/ Like in kid. same
L l il /l/ Like in lamp. same
M m im /m/ Like in magic. same
N n in /n/ Like in now. same
O o oh /o/ Similar to its sound in hope, but less of a diphthong.
More like the "pure" ⟨o⟩ in Romance languages. 		same
P p peh /p/ Like in party. same
Q q quh /k/ Like in quick.
Note that q stands without a u much more often in Triparic than in English. 		same
R r ir /ɹ/ Like in red.
This is the throaty "r" of American English rather than a trill. 		same
S s is /s/, /z/ /s/ As in set except at the ends of words, where it is /z/ like in has, except when doubled (as "ss" or "ß"). Like in sad. classical
T t teh /t/ Like in top. same
Þ þ þeh /θ/ Like ⟨th⟩ in think. same
U u uh /u/ or /w/ When before another vowel, like ⟨w⟩ in water;
otherwise, like ⟨oo⟩ in goose. 		same
V v veh /v/ Like in voice. same
W w weh /w/ Like in water. same
X x ix /ks/ Like in six. same
Y y yeh /j/ or /i/ When before another vowel, like in yet;
otherwise, like in pretty. 		same
Z z zeh /z/ Like in zebra. same


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Diacritics

Some letters may be marked with diacritics to produce different sounds. These are not considered separate letters.

Glyphs Name Classical Sound Reformed Sound Classical Description Reformed Description Provisional Choice
Ä ä ah-umlŏt /eɪ/ Like ⟨a⟩ in rate. same
Å å ah-ring /æ/ Like ⟨a⟩ in bath. same
à ã ah-tilde /ə/ Like ⟨a⟩ in about. same
Ç ç cheh-çedil /s/ Like ⟨c⟩ in certain. same
Ê ê (unnamed) /e:/ — Longer ⟨e⟩ Replaced consistently with ä
Î î (unnamed) /ɛ̃/ — nasal "i" like in French fin Replaced with i in most words; å in a few
Ñ ñ in-tilde /ñ/ — Palatalized "n" like ⟨ny⟩ in English canyon Very rare. The diacritic was eliminated; where the sound was kept, spelled ⟨ny⟩.
Ö ö oh-umlŏt /aʊ/ /œ/ Like ⟨ou⟩ in house. No good English equivalent. Like in German Göttin.
An approximation is the ⟨e⟩ in the syllable er. 		Classical
Ŏ ŏ oh-breve — /aʊ/ Not present in Classical Triparik. Like ⟨ou⟩ in house. Classical

(i.e. none)

Ø ø oh-schmiss /œ/ /ɔɪ/ No good English equivalent. Like in German Göttin.
An approximation is the ⟨e⟩ in the syllable er. 		Like ⟨oy⟩ in boy. Classical
Õ õ oh-tilde /ɔɪ/ Like ⟨oy⟩ in boy. Not present after reforms. Classical
Ô ô (unnamed) /o:/ — Longer ⟨e⟩, as ⟨oa⟩ in English boat No significant difference from o, so replaced with that
Ü ü uh-umlŏt /y/ No good English equivalent. Like in German müssen.
Like the vowel i but with rounded lips.
Û û (unnamed) /õ/, /œ̃/ — The website claimed it was like in French "non" (/õ/),

but in practice it was more like in French "brun" (/œ̃/)

Approximated with ã, so replaced with that


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Multigraphs

Finally, there are a few cases where a combination of letters is pronounced as a single phoneme.

Multigraph Classical Sound Reformed Sound Classical Description Reformed Description
ch /χ/ /tʃ/ Like in Bach. Like in champ.
dh /ð/ — Like ⟨th⟩ in there. Inconsistently used along with ⟨ð⟩ Standardized to ⟨ð⟩ in reforms
rr /r/ — Trilled R. Eliminated in reforms
sch /ʃ/ Like ⟨sh⟩ in ship.
ss / ß /s/ In Classical, the sound /s/ or /s:/ was inconsistently written as ⟨ss⟩ or ⟨ß⟩.

Reforms standardized this to ⟨ss⟩ only.

th /θ/ – Like ⟨th⟩ in think. Inconsistently used along with ⟨þ⟩ Standardized to ⟨þ⟩ in reforms
tsch /tʃ/ — Like ⟨ch⟩ in church. Eliminated in reforms
zh /ʒ/ Non-existent before reforms Like ⟨z⟩ in azure.

Key to Phonetics Symbols

Something written in ⟨angle brackets⟩ is one or more graphemes; that is, it represents something written. Something written in /slashes/ is one or more phonemes; that is, it represents the units of sound that speakers break their language down into. These are most properly written in the International Phonetic Alphabet.

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