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{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;width:100%;"
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;width:100%;"
!style="width:12%;"|Letter
!
!style="width:12%;"|Name
!
!style="width:12%;"|Sound
! colspan="2" |"Reformed"
!Approximate English description
! colspan="2" |"Classical"
|-
! style="width:12%;" |Letter
! style="width:12%;" |Name
! style="width:12%;" |Sound
!Description
!Sound
!Description
|-
|-
|'''A a'''
|'''A a'''
Line 13: Line 20:
|/a/
|/a/
|Like in ''father''.
|Like in ''father''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Æ æ'''
|'''Æ æ'''
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|/aɪ/
|/aɪ/
|Like the word ''aye''.
|Like the word ''aye''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''B b'''
|'''B b'''
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|/b/
|/b/
|Like in ''ball''.
|Like in ''ball''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''C c'''
|'''C c'''
|cheh
|cheh
|/k/
|/k/
|Like in ''cap'', except in the multigraphs<br>'''ch''' and '''sch''' (see below).<ref name="c"/> Never as in ''cell'' except when marked with the cedilla ('''ç'''); see below.
|Like in ''cap'', except in the multigraphs '''ch''' and '''sch''' (see below).<ref name="c" /> Never as in ''cell'' except when marked with the cedilla ('''ç'''); see below.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''D d'''
|'''D d'''
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|/d/
|/d/
|Like in ''dog''.
|Like in ''dog''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Ð ð'''
|'''Ð ð'''
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|/ð/
|/ð/
|Like {{ab|th}} in ''there''.
|Like {{ab|th}} in ''there''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''E e'''
|'''E e'''
Line 43: Line 62:
|/e/
|/e/
|Similar to {{ab|ay}} in ''may'', but less of a diphthong.<br>More like the "pure" {{ab|e}} in Romance languages.
|Similar to {{ab|ay}} in ''may'', but less of a diphthong.<br>More like the "pure" {{ab|e}} in Romance languages.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''F f'''
|'''F f'''
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|/f/
|/f/
|Like in ''fill''.
|Like in ''fill''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''G g'''
|'''G g'''
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|/g/
|/g/
|Like in ''garden''.  Never as in ''Gerald''.
|Like in ''garden''.  Never as in ''Gerald''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''H h'''
|'''H h'''
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|/h/
|/h/
|Like in ''happy''.
|Like in ''happy''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''I i'''
|'''I i'''
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|/j/ or /i/
|/j/ or /i/
|When before another vowel, like {{ab|y}} in ''yet'';<br>otherwise, like in ''machine''.
|When before another vowel, like {{ab|y}} in ''yet'';<br>otherwise, like in ''machine''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''J j'''
|'''J j'''
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|/dʒ/
|/dʒ/
|Like in ''jump''.  Never as in ''jejeune''.
|Like in ''jump''.  Never as in ''jejeune''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''K k'''
|'''K k'''
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|/k/
|/k/
|Like in ''kid''.
|Like in ''kid''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''L l'''
|'''L l'''
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|/l/
|/l/
|Like in ''lamp''.
|Like in ''lamp''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''M m'''
|'''M m'''
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|/m/
|/m/
|Like in ''magic''.
|Like in ''magic''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''N n'''
|'''N n'''
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|/n/
|/n/
|Like in ''now''.
|Like in ''now''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''O o'''
|'''O o'''
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|/o/
|/o/
|Similar to its sound in ''hope'', but less of a diphthong.<br>More like the "pure" {{ab|o}} in Romance languages.
|Similar to its sound in ''hope'', but less of a diphthong.<br>More like the "pure" {{ab|o}} in Romance languages.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''P p'''
|'''P p'''
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|/p/
|/p/
|Like in ''party''.
|Like in ''party''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Q q'''
|'''Q q'''
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|/k/
|/k/
|Like in ''quick''.<br>Note that '''q''' stands without a '''u''' much more often in Triparic than in English.
|Like in ''quick''.<br>Note that '''q''' stands without a '''u''' much more often in Triparic than in English.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''R r'''
|'''R r'''
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|/ɹ/
|/ɹ/
|Like in ''red''.<br>This is the throaty "r" of American English rather than a trill.
|Like in ''red''.<br>This is the throaty "r" of American English rather than a trill.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''S s'''
|'''S s'''
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|/s/
|/s/
|Like in ''sad''.
|Like in ''sad''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''T t'''
|'''T t'''
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|/t/
|/t/
|Like in ''top''.
|Like in ''top''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Þ þ'''
|'''Þ þ'''
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|/θ/
|/θ/
|Like {{ab|th}} in ''think''.
|Like {{ab|th}} in ''think''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''U u'''
|'''U u'''
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|/u/ or /w/
|/u/ or /w/
|When before another vowel, like {{ab|w}} in ''water'';<br>otherwise, like {{ab|oo}} in ''goose''.
|When before another vowel, like {{ab|w}} in ''water'';<br>otherwise, like {{ab|oo}} in ''goose''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''V v'''
|'''V v'''
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|/v/
|/v/
|Like in ''voice''.
|Like in ''voice''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''W w'''
|'''W w'''
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|/w/
|/w/
|Like in ''water''.
|Like in ''water''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''X x'''
|'''X x'''
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|/ks/
|/ks/
|Like in ''six''.
|Like in ''six''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Y y'''
|'''Y y'''
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|/j/ or /i/
|/j/ or /i/
|When before another vowel, like in ''yet'';<br>otherwise, like in ''pretty''.
|When before another vowel, like in ''yet'';<br>otherwise, like in ''pretty''.
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Z z'''
|'''Z z'''
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|/z/
|/z/
|Like in ''zebra''.
|Like in ''zebra''.
|
|
|-
|-
|}
|}

Revision as of 13:55, 27 May 2022

The Alphabet

The Triparic alphabet consists of 29 letters: the standard 26-letter English alphabet plus Æ, Ð, and Þ.

"Reformed" "Classical"
Letter Name Sound Description Sound Description
A a ah /a/ Like in father.
Æ æ æsch /aɪ/ Like the word aye.
B b beh /b/ Like in ball.
C c cheh /k/ Like in cap, except in the multigraphs ch and sch (see below).[1] Never as in cell except when marked with the cedilla (ç); see below.
D d deh /d/ Like in dog.
Ð ð ið /ð/ Like ⟨th⟩ in there.
E e eh /e/ Similar to ⟨ay⟩ in may, but less of a diphthong.
More like the "pure" ⟨e⟩ in Romance languages.
F f if /f/ Like in fill.
G g geh /g/ Like in garden. Never as in Gerald.
H h heh /h/ Like in happy.
I i ih /j/ or /i/ When before another vowel, like ⟨y⟩ in yet;
otherwise, like in machine.
J j jeh /dʒ/ Like in jump. Never as in jejeune.
K k keh /k/ Like in kid.
L l il /l/ Like in lamp.
M m im /m/ Like in magic.
N n in /n/ Like in now.
O o oh /o/ Similar to its sound in hope, but less of a diphthong.
More like the "pure" ⟨o⟩ in Romance languages.
P p peh /p/ Like in party.
Q q quh /k/ Like in quick.
Note that q stands without a u much more often in Triparic than in English.
R r ir /ɹ/ Like in red.
This is the throaty "r" of American English rather than a trill.
S s is /s/ Like in sad.
T t teh /t/ Like in top.
Þ þ þeh /θ/ Like ⟨th⟩ in think.
U u uh /u/ or /w/ When before another vowel, like ⟨w⟩ in water;
otherwise, like ⟨oo⟩ in goose.
V v veh /v/ Like in voice.
W w weh /w/ Like in water.
X x ix /ks/ Like in six.
Y y yeh /j/ or /i/ When before another vowel, like in yet;
otherwise, like in pretty.
Z z zeh /z/ Like in zebra.
  1. ↑ Before the 2016 reform, this letter was pronounced like ch when before the vowels i or e, and like k elsewhere.

Diacritics

Some letters may be marked with diacritics to produce different sounds. These are not considered separate letters.

Glyphs Name Sound Approximate English description
Ä ä ah-umlŏt /eɪ/ Like ⟨a⟩ in rate.[1]
Å å ah-ring /æ/ Like ⟨a⟩ in bath.
à ã ah-tilde /ə/ Like ⟨a⟩ in about.
Ç ç cheh-çedil /s/ Like ⟨c⟩ in certain.
Ö ö oh-umlŏt /œ/ No good English equivalent. Like in German Göttin.
An approximation is the ⟨e⟩ in the syllable er.[2]
Ŏ ŏ oh-breve /aʊ/ Like ⟨ou⟩ in house.[3]
Ø ø oh-schmiss /ɔɪ/ Like ⟨oy⟩ in boy.[4]
Ü ü uh-umlŏt /y/ No good English equivalent. Like in German müssen.
Like the vowel i but with rounded lips.
  1. ↑ This sound was spelled two different ways before the 2016 reform. The other was ê, used in a very few words, the best known being dêm (now däm).
  2. ↑ This sound was spelled ø before the 2016 reform.
  3. ↑ This sound was spelled ö before the 2016 reform.
  4. ↑ This sound was spelled õ before the 2016 reform.

Multigraphs

Finally, there are a few cases where a combination of letters is pronounced as a single phoneme.

Multigraph Sound Approximate English description
ch /tʃ/ Like in champ.
sch /ʃ/ Like ⟨sh⟩ in ship.
zh /ʒ/ Like ⟨z⟩ in azure.

Sounds eliminated in 2016 Reform

Original Sound Replacement
î nasal "i" like in French fin Replaced with i in most words; å in a few
ñ Palatalized "n" like ⟨ny⟩ in English canyon Very rare. Replaced with ny if necessary.
ô as ⟨oa⟩ in English boat No significant difference from o, so replaced with that
û nasal "u" like in French brun No significant difference from ã, so replaced with that

Key to Phonetics Symbols

Something written in ⟨angle brackets⟩ is one or more graphemes; that is, it represents something written. Something written in /slashes/ is one or more phonemes; that is, it represents the units of sound that speakers break their language down into. These are most properly written in the International Phonetic Alphabet.

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