Triparic Word Formation: Difference between revisions
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|'''-ung''' | |'''-ung''' | ||
| | |Verbs | ||
|The result of the action | |The result of the action | ||
|'''warnen''' "to warn" →<br>'''warnung''' "warning" | |'''warnen''' "to warn" →<br>'''warnung''' "warning" |
Revision as of 11:20, 21 April 2016
Affixes are categorized according to the part of speech they produce.
Noun-forming
Affix | Applied to | Purpose | Example |
---|---|---|---|
-ung | Verbs | The result of the action | warnen "to warn" → warnung "warning" |
-ciãn | Verbs | The action or process itself; sometimes the result if the process is the "end in itself" | convenen "to meet, come together" → convenciãn "meeting, convention" |
For roots ending in -d, the suffix is -ziãn. | viden "to see" → vidziãn "the process of seeing" | ||
For roots ending in -t or any of the endings which require -es on a plural noun (s, ch, sch, x, z), the suffix is simply -iãn. | createn "to create" → creatiãn "the process of creating" dixen "to speak" → dixiãn "the process of speaking" naschen "to snack" → naschiãn "the process of snacking" | ||
-er | Verbs | Agent of the verb | dixen "speak" → dixer "speaker" |
-ide | Verbs | Patient/object of the verb | voken "to call" → vokide "the person/thing called" |
-ist | Nouns, Verbs | Profession, vocation | luden "to play" → ludist "professional player" |
-kin | Nouns | Young, offspring | cän "dog" → cänkin "puppy" |
-let | Nouns | Diminutive | pådd "house" → påddlet "small house, bungalow, cottage" |
-log | Nouns | The study of | aqua "water" → aqualog "hydrology" |
-nes | Adjectives | State of being the adjective | rod "red" → rodnes "redness" |
-schaf | Nouns | State of being | könig "king" → königschaf "kingship" |
-(a)n | Places | Ethnonyms | Kalmont → kalmontan |
For places ending in -a, only the -n is added. | Triparia → triparian Niava → niavan | ||
-ät | Position, office | Reign, term in office | könig "king" → königät "period of reign as king" |
-ido (masc.) -isa (fem.) -ine (epi.) |
Titles of nobility | Forms the title of the noble's consort | graf "count" → grafido "male consort of a count" baron "baron" → baronine "consort of non-specified gender of a baron" |
imperor "emperor" and duc "duke" use modified roots for these. | imperor "emperor" (root imper-) → imperisa "empress" duc "duke" (root duch-) → duchisa "duchess" | ||
Roots for beliefs | Adherents |
||
Verbs | Place where it is done English -arium, -ory; Portuguese -ário, French -oir(e); Latin -arium, -orium; Esperanto -ejo |
Adjective-forming
Affix | Applied to | Purpose | Example |
---|---|---|---|
-ic | Nouns | General purpose conversion to adjective | Triparia → triparic "Triparian" |
-esc | Nouns | Similar to the noun | Kalmont → Kalmontesc "like Kalmont" |
-in | Nouns | Made of | aqua "water" → aquin "made of water" |
-lãs | Nouns | Lacking | tap "head" → taplãs "headless" |
-vol | Nouns | Full of, having in abundance | chocolad "chocolate" → chocoladvol "full of chocolate" |
-isch | Adjectives | Similar to the base adjective, but not quite meeting the standard | rod "red" → rodisch "reddish" |
-axe | Verbs | Tendency to do the verb | quiren "to ask" → quiraxe "inquisitive" |
-eble | Verbs | Able to be affected by the verb | viden "to see" → videble "visible" |
-ent | Verbs | Present participle | dixen "to speak" → dixent "speaking" |
Verb-forming
Affix | Applied to | Purpose | Example |
---|---|---|---|
Infinitive ending or other normal verb inflections | Nouns | Denominal verb: the action or event inherently linked to the noun | pådd "house" → pådden "to house" |
fe-en | Nouns, Adjectives | Process of becoming the noun or adjective | könig "king" → fekönigen "enthrone" |
er- | Verbs | Intensifies the verb; adds the sense of doing something utterly, completely, desperately, thoroughly, fiercely | bŏzen "to drink socially, get buzzed or drunk" → erbŏzen "to get completely hammered" schöpen "to use, draw on" → erschöpen "to drain, use up, exhaust" |
Adverb-forming
Affix | Applied to | Purpose | Example |
---|---|---|---|
-lic | Adjectives | Basic adverbial form of the adjective | gross "large" → grosslic "largely" (adv.) |
For adjectives formed directly from nouns using the suffix -ic, this suffix replaces the -ic rather than following it. | menschic "manly" (adj.) → menschlic "manly" (adv.) | ||
Adjectives ending in -l just add -ic; those in -lic don't change at all. | solic "only" (adj.) → solic "only" (adv.) häl "whole" (adj.) → hälic "wholly" (adv.) | ||
Adjectives ending in a vowel drop it before adding -lic. | alta "high" (adj.) → altlic "highly" (adv.) |