Triparic Correlatives: Difference between revisions
| Line 80: | Line 80: | ||
|'''ista molt'o'''<br/>(this much of) | |'''ista molt'o'''<br/>(this much of) | ||
|'''ila molt'o'''<br/>(that much of) | |'''ila molt'o'''<br/>(that much of) | ||
|''' | |'''alva''''<br/>(some of it) | ||
|'''quila | |'''quila'''<br/>(any of) | ||
|'''alle'''<br/>(all of it) | |'''alle'''<br/>(all of it) | ||
|'''ni'''<br/>(no, none of) | |'''ni'''<br/>(no, none of) | ||
| Line 89: | Line 89: | ||
|'''ista(s) ...'''<br/>(this/these ...) | |'''ista(s) ...'''<br/>(this/these ...) | ||
|'''ila(s) ...'''<br/>(that/those ...) | |'''ila(s) ...'''<br/>(that/those ...) | ||
|''' | |'''alva(s) ...'''<br/>(some ...) | ||
|'''quila(s) ...'''<br/>(whichever ..., any ...) | |'''quila(s) ...'''<br/>(whichever ..., any ...) | ||
|'''chila, alle'''<br/>(each ..., all ...) | |'''chila, alle'''<br/>(each ..., all ...) | ||
Revision as of 11:55, 11 April 2016
Table of Correlatives
Note: Shawn copied this table originally from the WP Esperanto article. Words in bold are actually Triparic. Otherwise, we're still editing.
| Question ("What") |
Near ("This") |
Far ("That") |
Indefinite ("Some") |
General ("Any") |
Universal ("Each, every") |
Negative ("No") | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reason | varum (why) |
— (for this reason) |
ilum (therefore) |
— (for some reason) |
— (for any reason) |
— (for all reasons) |
— (for no reason) |
| Manner | vi (how, as) |
— (in this way) |
zo (thus, as, so) |
alvi (somehow) |
quivi (in any way) |
— (in every way) |
— (in no way) |
| Place | vo (where) |
hir (here) |
dir (there) |
alvo (somewhere) |
quivo (anywhere) |
chavo (everywhere) |
nivo (nowhere) |
| Time | vann (when) |
nann (now) |
dann (then) |
alvann (sometime) |
quivann (anytime) |
semper (always) |
ninn (never) |
| Thing | vas (what) |
ista fu (this thing) |
ila fu (that thing) |
alvas (something) |
quivas (anything) |
alles (everything) |
nivas (nothing) |
| Person | vei (who) |
istei (this one) |
ilei (that one) |
alvei (someone) |
quivei (anyone) |
chavei (everyone) |
nivei (no one) |
| Possessor | veis (whose) |
isteis (this one's) |
ileis (that one's) |
alveis (someone's) |
quiveis (whoever's, anyone's) |
chaveis (everyone's) |
niveis (no one's) |
| Amount | vi molt'o (how much of) |
ista molt'o (this much of) |
ila molt'o (that much of) |
alva' (some of it) |
quila (any of) |
alle (all of it) |
ni (no, none of) |
| Selection | vila(s) ... (which ...) |
ista(s) ... (this/these ...) |
ila(s) ... (that/those ...) |
alva(s) ... (some ...) |
quila(s) ... (whichever ..., any ...) |
chila, alle (each ..., all ...) |
ni ... (no ...) |
Other Correlative Expressions
Amount
The distinction between partitive and the correlative phrase here can be tricky.
When referring to some indefinite quantity of an indefinite mass noun, one uses the partitive: Ego habe d'aqua. "I have some water." But when referring to an indefinite quantity of a definite mass noun, one uses the correlative "some (amount) of" with the definite noun: Ego habe alv'o der aqua. "I have some of the water.
Quality ("... kind of ...")
Phrases like "what kind of", "that kind of", and so forth are formed in Triparic much as in English, with the selection correlatives and the noun gen "kind, sort": Vila gen o mensch tuðet ista? "What kind of man would do this?" Ila gen o plåx ist ni gut. "That kind of place is no good."
Occasion ("at ... time", "sometimes")
English does not always clearly distinguish expressions of time from occasion: "I never saw him" versus "At no time did I see him"; "He's there now" (at this moment on a clock) versus "He's there this time" (there have been repeated attempts to locate him there, but this attempt has succeeded).
Phrases of occasion are formed using the selection correlatives in the phrase en ... fø, which can be translated "at ... time", "on ... occasion", or "in ... instance": Er ist dir en ista fø. "He's there [at] this time." Ego videde erm en ni fø. "I saw him at no time".