Triparic Pronouns: Difference between revisions
Appearance
Line 568: | Line 568: | ||
! colspan="4" | German | ! colspan="4" | German | ||
! | ! | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="3" | Dutch | ||
! | ! | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="3" | Afrikaans | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
Line 595: | Line 595: | ||
| | | | ||
| ik ('k) | | ik ('k) | ||
| mij (me) | | mij (me) | ||
| mij (me) | | mij (me) | ||
| | | | ||
| ek | | ek | ||
| my | | my | ||
| my | | my | ||
Line 611: | Line 609: | ||
| | | | ||
| jij (je) | | jij (je) | ||
| jou (je) | | jou (je) | ||
| jou (je) | | jou (je) | ||
| | | | ||
| jy | | jy | ||
| jou | | jou | ||
| jou | | jou | ||
Line 626: | Line 622: | ||
| sich | | sich | ||
| | | | ||
| u | | u | ||
| u | | u | ||
| u / zich | | u / zich | ||
| | | | ||
| u | | u | ||
| u | | u | ||
Line 643: | Line 637: | ||
| | | | ||
| hij (ie) | | hij (ie) | ||
| hem ('m) | | hem ('m) | ||
| zich | | zich | ||
| | | | ||
| hy | | hy | ||
| hom | | hom | ||
| hom | | hom | ||
Line 659: | Line 651: | ||
| | | | ||
| zij (ze) | | zij (ze) | ||
| haar (d'r/'r) | | haar (d'r/'r) | ||
| zich | | zich | ||
| | | | ||
| sy | | sy | ||
| haar | | haar | ||
| haar | | haar | ||
Line 675: | Line 665: | ||
| | | | ||
| hij (ie) | | hij (ie) | ||
| het ('t) | | het ('t) | ||
| - | | - | ||
| | | | ||
| dit | | dit | ||
| dit | | dit | ||
Line 707: | Line 695: | ||
| | | | ||
| het ('t) | | het ('t) | ||
| - | | - | ||
| - | | - | ||
| | | | ||
| dit | | dit | ||
| - | | - | ||
| - | | - | ||
Line 723: | Line 709: | ||
| | | | ||
| men | | men | ||
| - | | - | ||
| - | | - | ||
| | | | ||
| mens | | mens | ||
| - | | - | ||
| - | | - | ||
Line 739: | Line 723: | ||
| | | | ||
| wij (we) | | wij (we) | ||
| ons | | ons | ||
| ons | | ons | ||
| | | | ||
| ons | | ons | ||
| ons | | ons | ||
Line 755: | Line 737: | ||
| | | | ||
| jullie | | jullie | ||
| jullie (je) | | jullie (je) | ||
| jullie (je) | | jullie (je) | ||
| | | | ||
| julle | | julle | ||
| julle | | julle | ||
Line 770: | Line 750: | ||
| sich | | sich | ||
| | | | ||
| u | | u | ||
| u | | u | ||
| u / zich | | u / zich | ||
| | | | ||
| u | | u | ||
| u | | u | ||
Line 788: | Line 766: | ||
| zij (ze) | | zij (ze) | ||
| hen (ze) | | hen (ze) | ||
| zich | | zich | ||
| | | | ||
| hulle | | hulle | ||
| hulle | | hulle |
Revision as of 14:02, 29 March 2016
Sources
Latin and Iberian Peninsula
Latin | Portuguese (Galician) | Spanish (Catalan) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | Stressed. | Acc. | Dat. | Nom. | Stressed. | Acc. | Dat. | Nom. | Stressed. | Acc. | Dat. | |||
I | égo | me/míhi | me | míhi/me | eu | mim (min) | me | me | yo (jo) | mí | me | me | ||
you (sing.) | tu | te/tíbi | te | tíbi/te | tu | ti | te | te (che) | tú | ti | te | te | ||
he | ílle | íllum | íllum | ílli/illíus | ele | ele (el) | o | lhe (lle) | él (ell) | él (ell) | lo | le (li) | ||
she | ílla | íllam | íllam | ílli/illíus | ela | ela | a | lhe (lle) | ella | ella | la | le (li) | ||
him/herself | - | se/síbi | se | síbi/se | - | si | se | se | - | sí | se | se | ||
we | nos | nos | nos | nos | nós (nosoutros) |
nós | nos | nos | nosotros (nosaltres) |
nosotros (nosaltres) |
nos | nos | ||
all of you | vos | vos | vos | vos | vós (vosoutros) |
vós | vos | vos | vosotros (vosaltres) |
vosotros (vosaltres) |
os (vos) | os (vos) | ||
they | íllos | íllos | íllos | íllis /illórum |
eles | eles | os | lhes (lles) | ellos (ells) | ellos (ells) | los | les (lis) | ||
they (all fem.) | íllas | íllas | íllas | íllis /illárum |
elas | elas | as | lhes (lles) | ellas (elles) | ellas (elles) | las (les) | les (lis) | ||
theselves | - | se/síbi | se | síbi/se | - | si | se | se | - | sí | se | se |
Occitan, French, Rhaeto-Romance
Occitan | French | Rhaeto-Romansh | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nom | Stressed | Acc | Dat | Nom | Stressed | Acc | Dat | Nom | Stressed | Acc | Dat | |||
I | ieu | ieu | me | me | je | moi | me | me | jau | mai | ma | ma | ||
you (sing.) | tu | tu | te | te | tu | toi | te | te | ti | tai | ta | ta | ||
he | el | el | lo | li | il | lui | le | lui | el | el | al | al | ||
she | ela | ela | la | li | elle | elle | la | lui | ela | ella | la | la | ||
him/herself | - | se | se | se | - | soi | se | se | - | sai | sa | sa | ||
we | nosautres | nosautres | nos | nos | nous | nous | nous | nous | nus | nus | ans | ans | ||
all of you | vosautres | vosautres | vos | vos | vous | vous | vous | vous | vus | vus | as | as | ||
they | eles | eles | los | lor | ils | eux | les | leur | els | els | als | als | ||
they (all fem.) | elas | elas | las | lor | elles | elles | les | leur | elas | ellas | las | las | ||
theselves | - | se | se | se | - | soi | se | se | - | sai | sa | sa |
Sardinian, Italian, Romanian
Sardinian | Italian | Romanian | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nom | Stressed | Acc | Dat | Nom | Stressed | Acc | Dat | Nom | Stressed | Acc | Dat | |||
I | deo | a mie | mi | mi | io | me | mi | mi | eu | mine | mă | îmi | ||
you (sing.) | tue | a tie | ti | ti | tu | te | ti | ti | tu | tine | te | îți | ||
he | isse | issu | lu | li | lui | lui | lo | gli | el | el | îl | îi | ||
she | issa | issa | la | li | lei | lei | la | le | ea | ea | o | îi | ||
him/herself | - | se | si | si | - | se | si | si | - | sine | se | își | ||
we | nois | nois | nos | nos | noi | noi | ci | ci | noi | noi | ne | ne | ||
all of you | vois | vois | vos | vos | voi | voi | vi | vi | voi | voi | vă | vă | ||
they | issos | issos | los | lis | loro | loro | li | loro | ei | ei | îi | le | ||
they (all fem.) | issas | issas | las | lis | loro | loro | le | loro | ele | ele | le | le | ||
theselves | - | se | si | si | - | se | si | si | - | sine | se | își |
German, Dutch, Afrikaans
German | Dutch | Afrikaans | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nom | Acc | Dat | Reflexive | Nom | Acc | Dat | Ref | Nom | Acc | Dat | Ref | |||
I | ich | mich | mir | mich / mir | ik ('k) | mij (me) | mij (me) | ek | my | my | ||||
you (sing, inf) | du | dich | dir | dich / dir | jij (je) | jou (je) | jou (je) | jy | jou | jou | ||||
you (sing, for) | Sie | Sie | Ihnen | sich | u | u | u / zich | u | u | u | ||||
he | er | ihn | ihm | sich | hij (ie) | hem ('m) | zich | hy | hom | hom | ||||
she | sie | Sie | ihr | sich | zij (ze) | haar (d'r/'r) | zich | sy | haar | haar | ||||
it (masc / common) | er | es | ihm | - | hij (ie) | het ('t) | - | dit | dit | - | ||||
it (fem / common) | sie | - | - | - | zij (ze) | - | - | - | dit | - | - | - | ||
it (neuter) | es | - | - | - | het ('t) | - | - | dit | - | - | ||||
one | man | - | - | - | men | - | - | mens | - | - | ||||
we | wir | uns | uns | uns | wij (we) | ons | ons | ons | ons | ons | ||||
you (plur, inf) | ihr | euch | euch | euch | jullie | jullie (je) | jullie (je) | julle | julle | julle | ||||
you (plur, for) | Sie | Sie | Ihnen | sich | u | u | u / zich | u | u | u | ||||
they | sie | sie | ihnen | sich | zij (ze) | hen (ze) | zich | hulle | hulle | hulle |
Swedish, Danish, Luxembourgish
Swedish | Danish | Luxembourgish | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nom | Oblique | Ref | Nom | Obl | Ref | Nom | Acc | Dat | Ref | |||
I | jag | mig (mej) | mig | jeg | mig | mig | ech | mech | mir | mech | ||
you (sing, inf) | du | dig (dej) | dig | du | dig | dig | du | dech | dir | dech | ||
you (sing, for) | ni | er | sig | De | Dem | - | Dir | Iech | Iech | Iech | ||
he | han | honom | sig | han | ham | sig | hien | en | him | sech | ||
she | hon | henne | sig | hun | hende | sig | si | si | hir | sech | ||
it (masc / common) | den | den / det | - | den | den / det | sig | - | - | - | - | ||
it (fem / common) | den | - | - | den | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
it (neuter) | det | - | - | det | - | - | et | et | him | sech | ||
one | man | - | - | man | - | - | ||||||
we | vi | oss | oss | vi | os | os | mir | eis | eis | eis | ||
you (plur, inf) | ni | er | er | I | jer | jer | dir | iech | iech | iech | ||
you (plur, for) | Ni | Er | er | De | Dem | - | - | - | - | - | ||
they | de (dom) | dem (dom) | sig | de | dem | sig | si | si | hinnen | sech |
Plautdietsch
Spoken by Mennonite communities in Canada and Latin America.
Singular | Plural | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2d | 3d masc | 3d fem | 3d nt | 1st | 2d | 3d |
Nominative | ekj | du | hee | see | daut (et) | wie | jie | dee, see |
Oblique | mie | die | am | ar (äa) | ons | junt (ju) | an (äant) | |
Reflexive | sikj | sikj |
Personal Pronouns
Nominative | Objective | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1. Sing. | ego | me | me | |
2. Sing. | ðŏ | ði | ðæ | |
3. Sing. | Masculine | erre | ri | ris |
Feminine | esse | szi | szir | |
Epicene | ex | ex | exes | |
Neuter | id | id | ids | |
1. Plur. | nø | nos | ŏr | |
2. Plur. | vø | vos | vor | |
3. Plur. | eng | enge | engs |
These are all up for debate.
Other Pronouns
The reflexive pronoun is selb, plural selbs. It may be used as nominative, for emphasis, or as objective, for reflexiveness:
Der König Selb ist hir! "The King Himself is here!"
Eng libe selbs plä. "They love themselves most."
The relative pronoun is velk:
Der mensch, velk esse libe, kenne ri. "The man whom she loves knows him."
Der mensch, velk libe schi, kenne ri. "The man who loves her knows him."
These are also up for debate.