Triparic Pronouns: Difference between revisions
Appearance
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|} | |} | ||
=== | === German, Dutch, Afrikaans === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | ! | ||
! German | ! colspan="4" | German | ||
! Dutch | ! | ||
! Afrikaans | ! colspan="4" | Dutch | ||
! | ! | ||
! | ! colspan="4" | Afrikaans | ||
|- | |||
! | |||
! Nom | |||
! Acc | |||
! Dat | |||
! Reflexive | |||
! | |||
! Nom | |||
! Acc | |||
! Dat | |||
! Ref | |||
! | |||
! Nom | |||
! Acc | |||
! Dat | |||
! Ref | |||
|- | |- | ||
| I | | I | ||
| ich | | ich | ||
| mich | |||
| mir | |||
| mich / mir | |||
| | |||
| ik ('k) | | ik ('k) | ||
| mij (me) | |||
| mij (me) | |||
| mij (me) | |||
| | |||
| ek | | ek | ||
| | | my | ||
| | | my | ||
| my | |||
|- | |- | ||
| you (sing, inf) | | you (sing, inf) | ||
| du | | du | ||
| dich | |||
| dir | |||
| dich / dir | |||
| | |||
| jij (je) | | jij (je) | ||
| jou (je) | |||
| jou (je) | |||
| jou (je) | |||
| | |||
| jy | | jy | ||
| | | jou | ||
| | | jou | ||
| jou | |||
|- | |- | ||
| you (sing, for) | | you (sing, for) | ||
| Sie | | Sie | ||
| Sie | |||
| Ihnen | |||
| sich | |||
| | |||
| u | |||
| u | |||
| u | |||
| u / zich | |||
| | |||
| u | |||
| u | |||
| u | | u | ||
| u | | u | ||
|- | |- | ||
| he | | he | ||
| er | | er | ||
| ihn | |||
| ihm | |||
| sich | |||
| | |||
| hij (ie) | | hij (ie) | ||
| hem ('m) | |||
| hem ('m) | |||
| zich | |||
| | |||
| hy | | hy | ||
| | | hom | ||
| | | hom | ||
| hom | |||
|- | |- | ||
| she | | she | ||
| sie | | sie | ||
| Sie | |||
| ihr | |||
| sich | |||
| | |||
| zij (ze) | | zij (ze) | ||
| haar (d'r/'r) | |||
| haar (d'r/'r) | |||
| zich | |||
| | |||
| sy | | sy | ||
| | | haar | ||
| | | haar | ||
| haar | |||
|- | |- | ||
| it (masc / common) | | it (masc / common) | ||
| er | | er | ||
| es | |||
| ihm | |||
| - | |||
| | |||
| hij (ie) | | hij (ie) | ||
| het ('t) | |||
| het ('t) | |||
| - | |||
| | |||
| dit | |||
| dit | |||
| dit | | dit | ||
| | | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| it (fem / common) | | it (fem / common) | ||
| sie | | sie | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| | |||
| zij (ze) | | zij (ze) | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| | |||
| dit | | dit | ||
| | | - | ||
| | | - | ||
| - | |||
|- | |- | ||
| it (neuter) | | it (neuter) | ||
| es | | es | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| | |||
| het ('t) | | het ('t) | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| | |||
| dit | | dit | ||
| | | - | ||
| | | - | ||
| - | |||
|- | |- | ||
| one | | one | ||
| man | | man | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| | |||
| men | | men | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| | |||
| mens | | mens | ||
| | | - | ||
| | | - | ||
| - | |||
|- | |- | ||
| we | | we | ||
| wir | | wir | ||
| uns | |||
| uns | |||
| uns | |||
| | |||
| wij (we) | | wij (we) | ||
| ons | | ons | ||
| | | ons | ||
| | | ons | ||
| | | | ||
| ons | | ons | ||
| ons | | ons | ||
| | | ons | ||
| | | ons | ||
|- | |- | ||
| you (plur, inf) | | you (plur, inf) | ||
| ihr | |||
| euch | |||
| euch | |||
| euch | | euch | ||
| | |||
| jullie | |||
| jullie (je) | | jullie (je) | ||
| jullie (je) | |||
| jullie (je) | |||
| | |||
| julle | |||
| julle | |||
| julle | |||
| julle | | julle | ||
|- | |- | ||
| you (plur, for) | | you (plur, for) | ||
| Sie | | Sie | ||
| Sie | |||
| Ihnen | |||
| sich | |||
| | |||
| u | |||
| u | | u | ||
| u | | u | ||
| | | u / zich | ||
| | | | ||
| u | | u | ||
| u | | u | ||
| u | | u | ||
| u | | u | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | they | ||
| sie | |||
| sie | |||
| ihnen | | ihnen | ||
| sich | | sich | ||
| | | | ||
| | | zij (ze) | ||
| | | hen (ze) | ||
| | | hun (ze) | ||
| zich | | zich | ||
| | | | ||
| hulle | | hulle | ||
| | | hulle | ||
| | | hulle | ||
| hulle | |||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 11:26, 29 March 2016
Sources
Latin and Iberian Peninsula
Latin | Portuguese (Galician) | Spanish (Catalan) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | Stressed. | Acc. | Dat. | Nom. | Stressed. | Acc. | Dat. | Nom. | Stressed. | Acc. | Dat. | |||
I | égo | me/míhi | me | míhi/me | eu | mim (min) | me | me | yo (jo) | mí | me | me | ||
you (sing.) | tu | te/tíbi | te | tíbi/te | tu | ti | te | te (che) | tú | ti | te | te | ||
he | ílle | íllum | íllum | ílli/illíus | ele | ele (el) | o | lhe (lle) | él (ell) | él (ell) | lo | le (li) | ||
she | ílla | íllam | íllam | ílli/illíus | ela | ela | a | lhe (lle) | ella | ella | la | le (li) | ||
him/herself | - | se/síbi | se | síbi/se | - | si | se | se | - | sí | se | se | ||
we | nos | nos | nos | nos | nós (nosoutros) |
nós | nos | nos | nosotros (nosaltres) |
nosotros (nosaltres) |
nos | nos | ||
all of you | vos | vos | vos | vos | vós (vosoutros) |
vós | vos | vos | vosotros (vosaltres) |
vosotros (vosaltres) |
os (vos) | os (vos) | ||
they | íllos | íllos | íllos | íllis /illórum |
eles | eles | os | lhes (lles) | ellos (ells) | ellos (ells) | los | les (lis) | ||
they (all fem.) | íllas | íllas | íllas | íllis /illárum |
elas | elas | as | lhes (lles) | ellas (elles) | ellas (elles) | las (les) | les (lis) | ||
theselves | - | se/síbi | se | síbi/se | - | si | se | se | - | sí | se | se |
Occitan, French, Rhaeto-Romance
Occitan | French | Rhaeto-Romansh | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nom | Stressed | Acc | Dat | Nom | Stressed | Acc | Dat | Nom | Stressed | Acc | Dat | |||
I | ieu | ieu | me | me | je | moi | me | me | jau | mai | ma | ma | ||
you (sing.) | tu | tu | te | te | tu | toi | te | te | ti | tai | ta | ta | ||
he | el | el | lo | li | il | lui | le | lui | el | el | al | al | ||
she | ela | ela | la | li | elle | elle | la | lui | ela | ella | la | la | ||
him/herself | - | se | se | se | - | soi | se | se | - | sai | sa | sa | ||
we | nosautres | nosautres | nos | nos | nous | nous | nous | nous | nus | nus | ans | ans | ||
all of you | vosautres | vosautres | vos | vos | vous | vous | vous | vous | vus | vus | as | as | ||
they | eles | eles | los | lor | ils | eux | les | leur | els | els | als | als | ||
they (all fem.) | elas | elas | las | lor | elles | elles | les | leur | elas | ellas | las | las | ||
theselves | - | se | se | se | - | soi | se | se | - | sai | sa | sa |
Sardinian, Italian, Romanian
Sardinian | Italian | Romanian | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nom | Stressed | Acc | Dat | Nom | Stressed | Acc | Dat | Nom | Stressed | Acc | Dat | |||
I | deo | a mie | mi | mi | io | me | mi | mi | eu | mine | mă | îmi | ||
you (sing.) | tue | a tie | ti | ti | tu | te | ti | ti | tu | tine | te | îți | ||
he | isse | issu | lu | li | lui | lui | lo | gli | el | el | îl | îi | ||
she | issa | issa | la | li | lei | lei | la | le | ea | ea | o | îi | ||
him/herself | - | se | si | si | - | se | si | si | - | sine | se | își | ||
we | nois | nois | nos | nos | noi | noi | ci | ci | noi | noi | ne | ne | ||
all of you | vois | vois | vos | vos | voi | voi | vi | vi | voi | voi | vă | vă | ||
they | issos | issos | los | lis | loro | loro | li | loro | ei | ei | îi | le | ||
they (all fem.) | issas | issas | las | lis | loro | loro | le | loro | ele | ele | le | le | ||
theselves | - | se | si | si | - | se | si | si | - | sine | se | își |
German, Dutch, Afrikaans
German | Dutch | Afrikaans | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nom | Acc | Dat | Reflexive | Nom | Acc | Dat | Ref | Nom | Acc | Dat | Ref | |||
I | ich | mich | mir | mich / mir | ik ('k) | mij (me) | mij (me) | mij (me) | ek | my | my | my | ||
you (sing, inf) | du | dich | dir | dich / dir | jij (je) | jou (je) | jou (je) | jou (je) | jy | jou | jou | jou | ||
you (sing, for) | Sie | Sie | Ihnen | sich | u | u | u | u / zich | u | u | u | u | ||
he | er | ihn | ihm | sich | hij (ie) | hem ('m) | hem ('m) | zich | hy | hom | hom | hom | ||
she | sie | Sie | ihr | sich | zij (ze) | haar (d'r/'r) | haar (d'r/'r) | zich | sy | haar | haar | haar | ||
it (masc / common) | er | es | ihm | - | hij (ie) | het ('t) | het ('t) | - | dit | dit | dit | - | ||
it (fem / common) | sie | - | - | - | zij (ze) | - | - | - | dit | - | - | - | ||
it (neuter) | es | - | - | - | het ('t) | - | - | - | dit | - | - | - | ||
one | man | - | - | - | men | - | - | - | mens | - | - | - | ||
we | wir | uns | uns | uns | wij (we) | ons | ons | ons | ons | ons | ons | ons | ||
you (plur, inf) | ihr | euch | euch | euch | jullie | jullie (je) | jullie (je) | jullie (je) | julle | julle | julle | julle | ||
you (plur, for) | Sie | Sie | Ihnen | sich | u | u | u | u / zich | u | u | u | u | ||
they | sie | sie | ihnen | sich | zij (ze) | hen (ze) | hun (ze) | zich | hulle | hulle | hulle | hulle |
Personal Pronouns
Nominative | Objective | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1. Sing. | ego | me | me | |
2. Sing. | ðŏ | ði | ðæ | |
3. Sing. | Masculine | erre | ri | ris |
Feminine | esse | szi | szir | |
Epicene | ex | ex | exes | |
Neuter | id | id | ids | |
1. Plur. | nø | nos | ŏr | |
2. Plur. | vø | vos | vor | |
3. Plur. | eng | enge | engs |
These are all up for debate.
Other Pronouns
The reflexive pronoun is selb, plural selbs. It may be used as nominative, for emphasis, or as objective, for reflexiveness:
Der König Selb ist hir! "The King Himself is here!"
Eng libe selbs plä. "They love themselves most."
The relative pronoun is velk:
Der mensch, velk esse libe, kenne ri. "The man whom she loves knows him."
Der mensch, velk libe schi, kenne ri. "The man who loves her knows him."
These are also up for debate.