Triparic Pronouns: Difference between revisions
Appearance
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=== | === Sardinian, Italian, Romanian === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | ! colspan="4" | Sardinian | ||
! | ! colspan="4" | Italian | ||
! | ! | ||
! | ! colspan="4" | Romanian | ||
! | ! | ||
! | ! | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | | Nom | ||
| | | Stressed | ||
| | | Acc | ||
| | | Dat | ||
| | | | ||
| | | Nom | ||
| | | Stressed | ||
| | | Acc | ||
| | | Dat | ||
| | | | ||
| Nom | |||
| Stressed | |||
| Acc | |||
| Dat | |||
|- | |||
| I | |||
| deo | |||
| a mie | |||
| mi | |||
| mi | |||
| | |||
| io | |||
| me | |||
| mi | |||
| mi | |||
| | |||
| eu | |||
| mine | |||
| mă | |||
| îmi | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | you (sing.) | ||
| | | tue | ||
| a tie | |||
| ti | | ti | ||
| ti | | ti | ||
| | | | ||
| | | tu | ||
| | | te | ||
| ti | | ti | ||
| ti | | ti | ||
| | | | ||
| tu | | tu | ||
| | | tine | ||
| | | te | ||
| | | îți | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | he | ||
| | | isse | ||
| | | issu | ||
| lu | |||
| li | |||
| | |||
| lui | | lui | ||
| | | lui | ||
| | | lo | ||
| | | gli | ||
| | | | ||
| | | el | ||
| el | | el | ||
| | | îl | ||
| | | îi | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | she | ||
| | | issa | ||
| issa | | issa | ||
| la | |||
| li | |||
| | |||
| lei | |||
| lei | |||
| la | |||
| le | |||
| | |||
| ea | |||
| ea | |||
| o | |||
| îi | |||
|- | |||
| him/herself | |||
| - | |||
| se | | se | ||
| | | si | ||
| | | si | ||
| | | | ||
| | | - | ||
| se | |||
| si | |||
| si | |||
| | |||
| - | |||
| sine | |||
| se | | se | ||
| își | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | we | ||
| | | nois | ||
| | | nois | ||
| | | nos | ||
| | | nos | ||
| | | | ||
| noi | |||
| noi | |||
| ci | |||
| ci | |||
| | |||
| noi | |||
| noi | | noi | ||
| ne | |||
| ne | |||
|- | |||
| all of you | |||
| vois | |||
| vois | |||
| vos | |||
| vos | |||
| | |||
| voi | | voi | ||
| voi | |||
| vi | |||
| vi | |||
| | |||
| voi | |||
| voi | |||
| vă | |||
| vă | |||
|- | |||
| they | |||
| issos | |||
| issos | |||
| los | |||
| lis | |||
| | |||
| loro | | loro | ||
| loro | | loro | ||
| | | li | ||
| loro | |||
| | |||
| ei | |||
| ei | |||
| îi | |||
| le | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | they (all fem.) | ||
| | | issas | ||
| | | issas | ||
| | | las | ||
| | | lis | ||
| | | | ||
| | | loro | ||
| | | loro | ||
| | | le | ||
| loro | |||
| | |||
| ele | |||
| ele | | ele | ||
| le | |||
| le | |||
|- | |||
| theselves | |||
| - | |||
| se | |||
| si | |||
| si | |||
| | |||
| - | |||
| se | |||
| si | |||
| si | |||
| | |||
| - | |||
| sine | | sine | ||
| se | |||
| își | |||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 11:17, 29 March 2016
Sources
Latin and Iberian Peninsula
Latin | Portuguese (Galician) | Spanish (Catalan) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | Stressed. | Acc. | Dat. | Nom. | Stressed. | Acc. | Dat. | Nom. | Stressed. | Acc. | Dat. | |||
I | égo | me/míhi | me | míhi/me | eu | mim (min) | me | me | yo (jo) | mí | me | me | ||
you (sing.) | tu | te/tíbi | te | tíbi/te | tu | ti | te | te (che) | tú | ti | te | te | ||
he | ílle | íllum | íllum | ílli/illíus | ele | ele (el) | o | lhe (lle) | él (ell) | él (ell) | lo | le (li) | ||
she | ílla | íllam | íllam | ílli/illíus | ela | ela | a | lhe (lle) | ella | ella | la | le (li) | ||
him/herself | - | se/síbi | se | síbi/se | - | si | se | se | - | sí | se | se | ||
we | nos | nos | nos | nos | nós (nosoutros) |
nós | nos | nos | nosotros (nosaltres) |
nosotros (nosaltres) |
nos | nos | ||
all of you | vos | vos | vos | vos | vós (vosoutros) |
vós | vos | vos | vosotros (vosaltres) |
vosotros (vosaltres) |
os (vos) | os (vos) | ||
they | íllos | íllos | íllos | íllis /illórum |
eles | eles | os | lhes (lles) | ellos (ells) | ellos (ells) | los | les (lis) | ||
they (all fem.) | íllas | íllas | íllas | íllis /illárum |
elas | elas | as | lhes (lles) | ellas (elles) | ellas (elles) | las (les) | les (lis) | ||
theselves | - | se/síbi | se | síbi/se | - | si | se | se | - | sí | se | se |
Occitan, French, Rhaeto-Romance
Occitan | French | Rhaeto-Romansh | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nom | Stressed | Acc | Dat | Nom | Stressed | Acc | Dat | Nom | Stressed | Acc | Dat | |||
I | ieu | ieu | me | me | je | moi | me | me | jau | mai | ma | ma | ||
you (sing.) | tu | tu | te | te | tu | toi | te | te | ti | tai | ta | ta | ||
he | el | el | lo | li | il | lui | le | lui | el | el | al | al | ||
she | ela | ela | la | li | elle | elle | la | lui | ela | ella | la | la | ||
him/herself | - | se | se | se | - | soi | se | se | - | sai | sa | sa | ||
we | nosautres | nosautres | nos | nos | nous | nous | nous | nous | nus | nus | ans | ans | ||
all of you | vosautres | vosautres | vos | vos | vous | vous | vous | vous | vus | vus | as | as | ||
they | eles | eles | los | lor | ils | eux | les | leur | els | els | als | als | ||
they (all fem.) | elas | elas | las | lor | elles | elles | les | leur | elas | ellas | las | las | ||
theselves | - | se | se | se | - | soi | se | se | - | sai | sa | sa |
Sardinian, Italian, Romanian
Sardinian | Italian | Romanian | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nom | Stressed | Acc | Dat | Nom | Stressed | Acc | Dat | Nom | Stressed | Acc | Dat | |||
I | deo | a mie | mi | mi | io | me | mi | mi | eu | mine | mă | îmi | ||
you (sing.) | tue | a tie | ti | ti | tu | te | ti | ti | tu | tine | te | îți | ||
he | isse | issu | lu | li | lui | lui | lo | gli | el | el | îl | îi | ||
she | issa | issa | la | li | lei | lei | la | le | ea | ea | o | îi | ||
him/herself | - | se | si | si | - | se | si | si | - | sine | se | își | ||
we | nois | nois | nos | nos | noi | noi | ci | ci | noi | noi | ne | ne | ||
all of you | vois | vois | vos | vos | voi | voi | vi | vi | voi | voi | vă | vă | ||
they | issos | issos | los | lis | loro | loro | li | loro | ei | ei | îi | le | ||
they (all fem.) | issas | issas | las | lis | loro | loro | le | loro | ele | ele | le | le | ||
theselves | - | se | si | si | - | se | si | si | - | sine | se | își |
Acc
me | you (sing.) | him | her | himself/herself | us | all of you | them | them (all fem.) | themselves | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Latin | me | te | íllum | íllam | se | nos | vos | íllos | íllas | se |
Portuguese | me | te | o | a | se | nos | vos | os | as | se |
Galician | me | te | o | a | se | nos | vos | os | as | se |
Spanish | me | te | lo | la | se | nos | os | los | las | se |
Catalan | me | te | lo | la | se | nos | vos | los | les | se |
Occitan | me | te | lo | la | se | nos | vos | los | las | se |
French | me | te | le | la | se | nous | vous | les | les | se |
Rhaeto-Romansh | ma | ta | al | la | sa | ans | as | als | las | sa |
Sardinian | mi | ti | lu | la | si | nos | vos | los | las | si |
Italian | mi | ti | lo | la | si | ci | vi | li | le | si |
Romanian | mă | te | îl | o | se | ne | vă | îi | le | se |
Dat
to me | to you (sing.) | to him | to her | to him/herself | to us | to you (pl.) | to them | to them (all fem.) | to themselves | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Latin | míhi/me | tíbi/te | ílli/illíus | ílli/illíus | síbi/se | nos | vos | íllis/illórum | íllis/illárum | síbi/se |
Portuguese | me | te | lhe | lhe | se | nos | vos | lhes | lhes | se |
Galician | me | che | lle | lle | se | nos | vos | lles | lles | se |
Spanish | me | te | le | le | se | nos | os | les | les | se |
Catalan | me | te | li | li | se | nos | vos | lis | lis | se |
Occitan | me | te | li | li | se | nos | vos | lor | lor | se |
French | me | te | lui | lui | se | nous | vous | leur | leur | se |
Rhaeto-Romansh | ma | ta | al | la | sa | ans | as | als | las | sa |
Sardinian | mi | ti | li | li | si | nos | vos | lis | lis | si |
Italian | mi | ti | gli | le | si | ci | vi | loro | loro | si |
Romanian | îmi | îți | îi | îi | își | ne | vă | le | le | își |
Germanic
English | German | Dutch | Afrikaans | Swedish | Danish |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | ich | ik ('k) | ek | jag | jeg |
you (sing, inf) | du | jij (je) | jy | du | du |
you (sing, for) | Sie | u | u | ni | De |
he | er | hij (ie) | hy | han | han |
she | sie | zij (ze) | sy | hon | hun |
it (masc / common) | er | hij (ie) | dit | den | den |
it (fem / common) | sie | zij (ze) | dit | den | den |
it (neuter) | es | het ('t) | dit | det | det |
one | man | men | mens | man | man |
we | wir | wij (we) | ons | vi | vi |
you (plur, inf) | ihr | jullie | julle | ni | I |
you (plur, for) | Sie | u | u | Ni | De |
they | sie | zij (ze) | hulle | de (dom) | de |
me | mich | mij (me) | my | mig (mej) | mig |
you (sing, inf) | dich | jou (je) | jou | dig (dej) | dig |
you (sing, for) | Sie | u | u | er | Dem |
him | ihn | hem ('m) | hom | honom | ham |
her | Sie | haar (d'r/'r) | haar | henne | hende |
it | es | het ('t) | dit | den / det | den / det |
us | uns | ons | ons | oss | os |
you (plur, inf) | euch | jullie (je) | julle | er | jer |
you (plur, for) | Sie | u | u | Er | Dem |
them | sie | hen (ze) | hulle | dem (dom) | dem |
me | mir | mij (me) | my | mig (mej) | |
you (sing, inf) | dir | jou (je) | jou | dig (dej) | |
you (sing, for) | Ihnen | u | u | er | |
him | ihm | hem ('m) | hom | honom | |
her | ihr | haar (d'r/'r) | haar | henne | |
it | ihm | het ('t) | dit | den / det | |
us | uns | ons | ons | oss | |
you (plur, inf) | euch | jullie (je) | julle | er | |
you (plur, for) | Ihnen | u | u | er | |
them | ihnen | hun (ze) | hulle | dem (dom) | |
myself | mich / mir | mij (me) | my | mig | |
yourself (sing, inf) | dich / dir | jou (je) | jou | dig | |
yourself (sing, for) | sich | u / zich | u | sig | |
himself / itself | sich | zich | hom | sig | |
herself / itself | sich | zich | haar | sig | |
ourselves | uns | ons | ons | oss | |
yourselves (plur, inf) | euch | jullie (je) | julle | er | |
yourselves (plur, for) | sich | u / zich | u | er | |
themselves | sich | zich | hulle | sig |
Personal Pronouns
Nominative | Objective | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1. Sing. | ego | me | me | |
2. Sing. | ðŏ | ði | ðæ | |
3. Sing. | Masculine | erre | ri | ris |
Feminine | esse | szi | szir | |
Epicene | ex | ex | exes | |
Neuter | id | id | ids | |
1. Plur. | nø | nos | ŏr | |
2. Plur. | vø | vos | vor | |
3. Plur. | eng | enge | engs |
These are all up for debate.
Other Pronouns
The reflexive pronoun is selb, plural selbs. It may be used as nominative, for emphasis, or as objective, for reflexiveness:
Der König Selb ist hir! "The King Himself is here!"
Eng libe selbs plä. "They love themselves most."
The relative pronoun is velk:
Der mensch, velk esse libe, kenne ri. "The man whom she loves knows him."
Der mensch, velk libe schi, kenne ri. "The man who loves her knows him."
These are also up for debate.