Triparic Pronunciation: Difference between revisions
| Line 55: | Line 55: | ||
! IPA | ! IPA | ||
! Sound | ! Sound | ||
! Variation | |||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="3"| a, e, i, o, u | !colspan="3"| a, e, i, o, u | ||
| as in romance languages | |colspan="2"| as in romance languages | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ã<br>(''tãng, hãbby'') | ! ã<br>(''tãng, hãbby'') | ||
| Line 63: | Line 64: | ||
| /ʌ/ | | /ʌ/ | ||
| h'''u'''t | | h'''u'''t | ||
| English "short U", not really close to /a/ at all | |||
|- | |- | ||
! æ<br>(''ðæ, gæo'') | ! æ<br>(''ðæ, gæo'') | ||
| Line 68: | Line 70: | ||
| /aɪ̯/ | | /aɪ̯/ | ||
| '''aye''' | | '''aye''' | ||
| Diphthong of /a/ + /i/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! å<br>(''plåx, schåft'') | ! å<br>(''plåx, schåft'') | ||
| Line 73: | Line 76: | ||
| /æ/ | | /æ/ | ||
| h'''a'''t | | h'''a'''t | ||
| /a/ fronted and raised | |||
|- | |- | ||
! ä<br>(''häm'') | ! ä<br>(''häm'') | ||
| Line 78: | Line 82: | ||
| /eɪ̯/ | | /eɪ̯/ | ||
| h'''a'''te (same as '''ê''') | | h'''a'''te (same as '''ê''') | ||
| Diphthong of /e/ + /i/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! ê<br>(''dêm'') | ! ê<br>(''dêm'') | ||
| Line 83: | Line 88: | ||
| [eɪ̯] | | [eɪ̯] | ||
| h'''a'''te (same as '''ä''') | | h'''a'''te (same as '''ä''') | ||
| Diphthong of /e/ + /i/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! î<br>(''wîn, trîmfer'') | ! î<br>(''wîn, trîmfer'') | ||
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| /ɛ̃/ | | /ɛ̃/ | ||
| nasal "i" | | nasal "i" | ||
| Between /e/ and /a/ and nasalized | |||
|- | |- | ||
! ö<br>(''cö'' [sic], ''miaö'') | ! ö<br>(''cö'' [sic], ''miaö'') | ||
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| /aʊ̯/ | | /aʊ̯/ | ||
| '''ou'''t | | '''ou'''t | ||
| Diphthong of /a/ + /u/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! õ<br>(''jõnt, drõt'') | ! õ<br>(''jõnt, drõt'') | ||
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| /ɔɪ̯/ | | /ɔɪ̯/ | ||
| b'''oy''' | | b'''oy''' | ||
| Diphthong of /o/ + /i/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! ø<br>(''kønig, før'') | ! ø<br>(''kønig, før'') | ||
| Line 103: | Line 112: | ||
| /œ/ | | /œ/ | ||
| German G'''ö'''ttin | | German G'''ö'''ttin | ||
| Between /e/ and /a/, rounded | |||
|- | |- | ||
! ü<br>(''fü, küssen'') | ! ü<br>(''fü, küssen'') | ||
| Line 108: | Line 118: | ||
| /y/ | | /y/ | ||
| German m'''ü'''ssen | | German m'''ü'''ssen | ||
| Rounded /i/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! û<br>(''ûnçivilan'') | ! û<br>(''ûnçivilan'') | ||
| Line 113: | Line 124: | ||
| /œ̃/ | | /œ̃/ | ||
| nasal "u" | | nasal "u" | ||
| Between /e/ and /a/, rounded and nasalized | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 20:10, 20 March 2016
THIS IS A DRAFT. Carrie and Shawn are revising things.
N.B. Both the digraph system and the accented-character system are acceptable native orthographies, but it's bad form to mix systems within one text.
Consonants
| b, d, f, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, z | as in English | |
|---|---|---|
| y | as in English when consonantal | |
| g | always hard, as in English get | |
| x | x as in axe, except z at beginning of words | |
| q | Always part of a digraph "qu" for the cluster kw | |
| c | Always "k" before a, o, u; always "s" before i, e | |
| cz | č | ch as in church |
| sz | š | sh as in shoe |
| nz | ň | ny as in canyon |
| dz | ð | "dh", or th as in that |
| tz | þ | th as in think |
Vowels
| Original | Proposed | IPA | Sound | Variation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a, e, i, o, u | as in romance languages | |||
| ã (tãng, hãbby) |
/ʌ/ | hut | English "short U", not really close to /a/ at all | |
| æ (ðæ, gæo) |
/aɪ̯/ | aye | Diphthong of /a/ + /i/ | |
| å (plåx, schåft) |
/æ/ | hat | /a/ fronted and raised | |
| ä (häm) |
/eɪ̯/ | hate (same as ê) | Diphthong of /e/ + /i/ | |
| ê (dêm) |
[eɪ̯] | hate (same as ä) | Diphthong of /e/ + /i/ | |
| î (wîn, trîmfer) |
/ɛ̃/ | nasal "i" | Between /e/ and /a/ and nasalized | |
| ö (cö [sic], miaö) |
/aʊ̯/ | out | Diphthong of /a/ + /u/ | |
| õ (jõnt, drõt) |
/ɔɪ̯/ | boy | Diphthong of /o/ + /i/ | |
| ø (kønig, før) |
/œ/ | German Göttin | Between /e/ and /a/, rounded | |
| ü (fü, küssen) |
/y/ | German müssen | Rounded /i/ | |
| û (ûnçivilan) |
/œ̃/ | nasal "u" | Between /e/ and /a/, rounded and nasalized | |
Shawn's thoughts on the vowel orthography
(To be discussed Sunday night 20 March or thereafter)
So the following sounds must be accounted for: AYE, bOY, hAtE, OUt, hAt, mÜssen, mÖgen, nasal I, nasal U.
Broken down phonetically we have:
- The three common i-final diphthongs (aye, hate, boy = ai, ei, oi)
- The most common of the u-final diphthongs (out = au)
- Rounded front vowels (ü = rounded i/fronted u, ö = rounded e/fronted o)
- Nasalized rounded and unrounded open-mid front vowels (nasal I, nasal U)
- The schwa as in "tãng"
- The odd man out is the ash vowel (hat, plåx), the near-open front unrounded vowel
Proposal 1
- Maybe ai ei oi for aye, hate, boy.
- au for au. So we are consistent that diphthongs are two-vowel clusters, different from pure-but-exotic vowels.
- Keep ü and ö for what they are in German. So here the umlaut means "fronting".
- Keep circumflex for these, î and û.
- Keep ã for the schwa.
- Use ä for the ash vowel. That's what it is in Finnish, and the umlaut could still mean "fronting". And if you front the sound "a", it moves up a bit and becomes the ash vowel.
Preserved: ü, î, û
Some classic words under this new orthography
| áileäd | green | ailieid |
| äpril | April | eipril |
| bröken | to need | brauken |
| cö [sic] | lunch | czau |
| tãng | language, tongue | (no change) |
| çivilàn | citizen | civilan (maybe with grave on final syllable) |
| mäjordôm | prime minister, vizier | meijordom |