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A particular sentence may not have any non-finite verbs, or any objects or modifiers; it could be as simple as '''Schann ðenket''' ("Shawn thinks").
A particular sentence may not have any non-finite verbs, or any objects or modifiers; it could be as simple as '''Schann ðenket''' ("Shawn thinks").


== Compound Verbs and Word Order ==
== Compound Verbs ==
 
{{main|Triparic Verbs}}


In addition to the tense auxiliaries, there are specialized verbs known as ''modal'' verbs which specify the modality of the main verb: do you ''want'' to do the thing?  ''Must'' you do the thing? ''Can'' you?
In addition to the tense auxiliaries, there are specialized verbs known as ''modal'' verbs which specify the modality of the main verb: do you ''want'' to do the thing?  ''Must'' you do the thing? ''Can'' you?
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And you could combine modals, the perfect tenses, the passive voice, and catenative verbs to create some very complicated ideas: ''They had been allowed to try to help him.  They had not been able to plan to leave before Wednesday.''
And you could combine modals, the perfect tenses, the passive voice, and catenative verbs to create some very complicated ideas: ''They had been allowed to try to help him.  They had not been able to plan to leave before Wednesday.''


A challenge is to determine the correct order in which to state the non-finite verbs in a sentence.  The examples below should help explain.
A challenge is to determine the correct order in which to state the non-finite verbs in a sentence.  The way to think through the order is to start with the finite verb and ask questions, one by one:
 
== Examples ==
 
=== Perfect tense modal plus chain of infinitives ===
 
''They had been required to try to help him.''
 
The way to think through the order is to start with the finite verb and ask questions, one by one:


"They ''had.''" Had ''what?''<br>
"They ''had.''" Had ''what?''<br>
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"Had been allowed to try ''to help.''"
"Had been allowed to try ''to help.''"


# Our components are '''eng''' (they), '''erm''' (him), and the verbs around them.  And we know that '''eng''' is the subject, so we know all of the sentence except the second slot (the finite verb) and the end (all the non-finite verbs).
# Our components are '''eng''' (they), '''erm''' (him), and the verbs around them.  And we know that '''eng''' is the subject, so we know all of the sentence except the second slot the verbs).
#* '''Eng ... erm ...'''
#* '''Eng ... erm.'''
# We know that the finite verb is going to be 3rd person plural, since the subject of the sentence is ''they''.
# Since the sentence is going to be past perfect, the finite verb is, in particular, the 3rd person plural past of '''haben: hadant.'''
# Since the sentence is going to be past perfect, the finite verb is, in particular, the 3rd person plural past of '''haben: hadant.'''
#* '''Eng hadant erm ...'''
#* '''Eng hadant ... erm.'''
# Now we ask: "They had ''what?''" The immediate answer is "been required."  That is the past participle of '''musen'''.
# Now we ask: "They had ''what?''" The immediate answer is "been required."  That is the past participle of '''musen'''.
#* '''Eng hadant erm gemuset ...'''
#* '''Eng hadant gemuset ... erm.'''
# "They had been required ''what?''" "To try."
# "They had been required ''what?''" "To try."
#* '''Eng hadant erm gemuset proben ...'''
#* '''Eng hadant gemuset proben ... erm.'''
# "To try ''what?''" "To help."
# "To try ''what?''" "To help."
#* '''Eng hadant erm gemuset proben helfen.'''
#* '''Eng hadant gemuset proben helfen erm.'''
 
=== Passive perfect tense with a modal ===
 
''The man shall have been allowed to be seen by the king.''
 
# Our components are '''der vir''' (the man), '''bä der könig''' (by the king), and the verbs around them.  And we know that '''der vir''' is the subject, so once again, we know all of the sentence except the second slot and the end.
#* '''Der vir ... bä der könig ...'''
# We know that the finite verb is going to be 3rd person singular, since the subject of the sentence is ''the man''.
# Since the sentence is going to be future perfect, the finite verb is, in particular, the 3rd person singular future of '''haben: habret.'''
#* '''Der vir habret bä der könig ...'''
# Now we ask: "The man shall have ''what?''" The immediate answer is "been allowed."  That is the past participle of '''durfen.'''
#* '''Der vir habret bä der könig gedurfet ...'''
# "Shall have been allowed ''what?''" The answer is "To be seen".  That's the passive voice.  So we know the next piece is '''sän''' ("to be"), and the final piece must be the passive participle of '''viden''', which is '''bevidet''' ("seen").
#* '''Der vir habret bä der könig gedurfet sän bevidet.'''


[[Category:Triparic language]]
[[Category:Triparic language]]

Revision as of 17:57, 26 April 2016

Basic Sentence Structure

The structure of a simple declarative sentence (a statement rather than a question) is:

(SUBJECT) (FINITE VERB) [(NON-FINITE VERBS)] [(OBJECT AND MODIFIERS)]

The finite verb is the verb component which takes the personal ending. The non-finite verbs are other verbs (participles and infinitives) which convey meaning.

The object is the person or thing on which the verb acts. Modifiers are things like adverbs or prepositional phrases saying when, where, how, why, or for whom the action happened.

A particular sentence may not have any non-finite verbs, or any objects or modifiers; it could be as simple as Schann ðenket ("Shawn thinks").

Compound Verbs

Main article: Triparic Verbs

In addition to the tense auxiliaries, there are specialized verbs known as modal verbs which specify the modality of the main verb: do you want to do the thing? Must you do the thing? Can you?

Additionally, there are verbs which can stand alone, or can be linked with other main verbs to give a more complex meaning. In English, these are called catenative verbs. An example would be I tried to help them. Another would be I plan to go to the concert.

And you could combine modals, the perfect tenses, the passive voice, and catenative verbs to create some very complicated ideas: They had been allowed to try to help him. They had not been able to plan to leave before Wednesday.

A challenge is to determine the correct order in which to state the non-finite verbs in a sentence. The way to think through the order is to start with the finite verb and ask questions, one by one:

"They had." Had what?
"Had been allowed." Had been allowed what?
"Had been allowed to try." Had been allowed to try what?
"Had been allowed to try to help."

  1. Our components are eng (they), erm (him), and the verbs around them. And we know that eng is the subject, so we know all of the sentence except the second slot the verbs).
    • Eng ... erm.
  2. Since the sentence is going to be past perfect, the finite verb is, in particular, the 3rd person plural past of haben: hadant.
    • Eng hadant ... erm.
  3. Now we ask: "They had what?" The immediate answer is "been required." That is the past participle of musen.
    • Eng hadant gemuset ... erm.
  4. "They had been required what?" "To try."
    • Eng hadant gemuset proben ... erm.
  5. "To try what?" "To help."
    • Eng hadant gemuset proben helfen erm.
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