Jump to content

Triparic Word Formation: Difference between revisions

From SeptemWiki
← Older edit
VisualWikitext
 
(70 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
Affixes are categorized according to the part of speech they produce.
Affixes are categorized according to the part of speech they produce.


Asterisks indicate an affix which Shawn is proposing and not yet ratified by Carrie and Alan.
== Noun-forming ==


== Noun-forming ==
=== General Noun Affixes ===  
 
These are affixes which can be used on any word for which the semantic relation makes sense.


{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
!style="width:4em;"|Affix
!style="width:5em;"|Affix
!style="width:6em;"|Applied to
!style="width:6em;"|Applied to
!style="width:40%;"|Purpose
!style="width:40%;"|Purpose
!Example
!Example
|-
|-
|'''-ciãn'''
|'''-ãzh'''
|Verbs
|Verbs
|The action or process itself; sometimes the result if the process is the "end in itself"
|Manifestation of the verb
|'''donen''' "to give" → '''doneciãn''' "giving, donation"
|'''brøden''' "embroider" →<br>'''brødãzh''' "embroidery"
|-
|-
|'''-er'''
|'''-er'''
|Verbs
|Verbs
|Agent of the verb
|Agent of the verb
|'''dixen''' "speak" → '''dixer''' "speaker"
|'''dixen''' "speak" →<br>'''dixer''' "speaker"
|-
|'''-ica'''
|Nouns, Verbs
|The subject or field of interest; the collection of things pertaining to
|'''herold''' "herald" →<br>'''heroldica''' "heraldry"
|-
|'''-ide'''
|Verbs
|Patient/object of the verb
|'''vocen''' "to call" →<br>'''vocide''' "the person/thing called"
|-
|-
|'''-ist'''
|'''-ist'''
|Nouns, Verbs
|Nouns, Verbs
|Profession, vocation, philosophy
|Profession, vocation
|'''luden''' "to play" → '''ludist''' "professional player"
|'''luden''' "to play" →<br>'''ludist''' "professional player"
|-
|-
|'''-kin'''
|'''-kin'''
|Nouns
|Nouns
|Young, offspring
|Young, offspring
|'''cän''' "dog" → '''cänkin''' "puppy"
|'''cän''' "dog" →<br>'''cänkin''' "puppy"
|-
|-
|'''-let'''
|'''-let'''
|Nouns
|Nouns
|Diminutive
|Diminutive
|'''pådd''' "house" → '''påddlet''' "small house, bungalow, cottage"
|'''pådd''' "house" →<br>'''påddlet''' "small house, bungalow, cottage"
|-
|'''-log'''
|Nouns
|The study of
|'''aqua''' "water" →<br>'''aqualog''' "hydrology"
|-
|'''-løn'''
|Adjectives
|A person characterized by the adjective
|'''juvin''' "young" →<br>'''juvinløn''' "youngster"
|-
|-
|'''-nes'''
|'''-nes'''
|Adjectives
|Adjectives
|State of being the adjective
|State of being the adjective
|'''rod''' "red" → '''rodnes''' "redness"
|'''rod''' "red" →<br>'''rodnes''' "redness"
|-
|'''-schaf'''
|Nouns
|State of being
|'''könig''' "king" →<br>'''königschaf''' "kingship"
|-
|-
|
|
|Verbs
|Verbs
|Patient/object of the verb<br>''French: -é (fr) m, -ée (fr) f; Italian: -ato m, -ata f; Spanish: -ado (es) m, -ada (es) f, Latin -atus, Esperanto -ato''
|Place where it is done<br>''English -arium, -ory; Portuguese -ário, French -oir(e); Latin -arium, -orium; Esperanto -ejo''
|
|
|}
=== Specialized Noun Affixes ===
These are affixes which are generally used only on certain topical categories of words.
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
!style="width:5em;"|Affix
!style="width:6em;"|Applied to
!style="width:40%;"|Purpose
!Example
|-
|-
|
|rowspan="2"|'''-(a)n'''
|Nouns
|rowspan="2"|Places
|Ethnonyms<br>''English -(i)an, Esperanto -(an)o, German -er(in), French -ien(ne), Italian -ese, Portuguese: -ês, -ense; Spanish: -és, -ense (es) m, -esa f''
|Ethnonyms<br>''Note: Unlike in English usage, ethnonyms are not capitalized.''
|
|'''Kalmont''' → '''kalmontan'''
|-
|For places ending in -a, only the '''-n''' is added.
|'''Triparia''' → '''triparian'''<br>'''Niava''' → '''niavan'''
|-
|'''-ät'''
|Position, office
|Reign, term in office
|'''könig''' "king" →<br>'''königät''' "period of reign as king"
|-
|rowspan="2"|'''-edze'''
|rowspan="2"|Titles of nobility
|Forms the title of the noble's consort
|'''graf''' "count" → '''grafedze''' "consort of a count"<br>'''baron''' "baron" → '''baronedze''' "consort of a baron"
|-
|-
|
|'''imperor''' "emperor" uses a contracted root for this.
|Nouns
|'''imperor''' "emperor"<br>(root '''imper-''') → '''imperedze''' "emperor's consort"
|State of being<br>''English -ship; Dutch: -schap (nl); German: -schaft (de); Portuguese: -idade (pt) f; Romanian: -ie f, -itate f, -tate f, -ătate f; Spanish: -azgo (es) m, -dad (es) f''
|
|-
|-
|
|
|Verbs
|Roots for beliefs
|Place where it is done<br>''English -arium, -ory; Portuguese -ário, French -oir(e); Latin -arium, -orium; Esperanto -ejo''
|Adherents<br>
|
|
|}
|}
Line 65: Line 114:


{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
!style="width:4em;"|Affix
!style="width:5em;"|Affix
!style="width:6em;"|Applied to
!style="width:6em;"|Applied to
!style="width:40%;"|Purpose
!style="width:40%;"|Purpose
Line 72: Line 121:
|'''-ic'''
|'''-ic'''
|Nouns
|Nouns
|General purpose conversion to adjective
|General purpose conversion to adjective (for nouns not ending in '''-ic''' themselves)
|'''Triparia''' → '''triparic''' "Triparian"
|'''Triparia''' →<br>'''triparic''' "Triparian"
|-
|'''-al'''
|Nouns
|Converts nouns ending in '''-ic''' to adjectives
|'''music''' →<br>'''musical''' "musical"
|-
|-
|'''-esc'''
|'''-esc'''
|Nouns
|Nouns
|Similar to the noun
|Similar to the noun
|'''Kalmont''' → '''Kalmontesc''' "like Kalmont"
|'''Kalmont''' →<br>'''Kalmontesc''' "like Kalmont"
|-
|-
|'''-in'''
|'''-in'''
|Nouns
|Nouns
|Made of
|Made of
|'''aqua''' "water" → '''aquin''' "made of water"
|'''aqua''' "water" →<br>'''aquin''' "made of water"
|-
|-
|'''-lãs'''
|'''-lãs'''
|Nouns
|Nouns
|Lacking
|Lacking
|'''tap''' "head" → '''taplãs''' "headless"
|'''tap''' "head" →<br>'''taplãs''' "headless"
|-
|-
|'''-vol'''
|'''-vol'''
|Nouns
|Nouns
|Full of, having in abundance
|Full of, having in abundance
|'''chocolad''' "chocolate" → '''chocoladvol''' "full of chocolate"
|'''chocolad''' "chocolate" →<br>'''chocoladvol''' "full of chocolate"
|-
|-
|'''-isch'''
|'''-isch'''
|Adjectives
|Adjectives
|Similar to the base adjective, but not quite meeting the standard
|Similar to the base adjective, but not quite meeting the standard
|'''rod''' "red" → '''rodisch''' "reddish"
|'''rod''' "red" →<br>'''rodisch''' "reddish"
|-
|-
|'''-axe'''
|'''-axe'''
|Verbs
|Verbs
|Tendency to do the verb
|Tendency to do the verb
|'''quiren''' "to ask" → '''quiraxe''' "inquisitive"
|'''quiren''' "to ask" →<br>'''quiraxe''' "inquisitive"
|-
|-
|'''-eble'''
|'''-eble'''
|Verbs
|Verbs
|Able to be affected by the verb
|Able to be affected by the verb
|'''viden''' "to see" → '''videble''' "visible"
|'''viden''' "to see" →<br>'''videble''' "visible"
|-
|-
|
|'''-ent'''
|Verbs
|Verbs
|Present participle
|Present participle
|
|'''dixen''' "to speak" →<br>'''dixent''' "speaking"
|}
|}


Line 119: Line 173:


{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
!style="width:4em;"|Affix
!style="width:5em;"|Affix
!style="width:6em;"|Applied to
!style="width:6em;"|Applied to
!style="width:40%;"|Purpose
!style="width:40%;"|Purpose
!Example
!Example
|-
|-
|Infinitive ending or other normal verb inflections
|Infinitive ending '''-en''' or other normal verb inflections
|Nouns
|Nouns
|Denominal verb: the action or event inherently linked to the noun
|Denominal verb: the action or event inherently linked to the noun
|'''pådd''' "house" → '''pådden''' "to house"
|'''pådd''' "house" →<br>'''pådden''' "to house"
|-
|-
|'''fe-en'''
|'''fe(r)-'''
|Nouns, Adjectives
|Nouns, Adjectives
|Process of becoming the noun or adjective
|Process of becoming the noun or adjective<br>''The -r- is used if the root begins with a vowel.''
|'''könig''' "king" → '''fekönigen''' "enthrone"
|'''könig''' "king" →<br>'''fekönigen''' "enthrone"
|-
|'''düs-'''
|Verbs
|Gives the verb a negative or undesirable outcome
|'''miscen''' "to mix" →<br>'''düsmiscen''' "to confuse, blur"
|-
|'''er-'''
|Verbs
|Intensifies the verb; adds the sense of doing something utterly, completely, desperately, thoroughly, fiercely
|'''bŏzen''' "to drink socially, get buzzed or drunk" →<br>'''erbŏzen''' "to get completely hammered"<br>'''schöpen''' "to use, draw on" →<br>'''erschöpen''' "to drain, use up, exhaust"
|}
|}


Line 138: Line 202:


{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
!style="width:4em;"|Affix
!style="width:5em;"|Affix
!style="width:6em;"|Applied to
!style="width:6em;"|Applied to
!style="width:40%;"|Purpose
!style="width:40%;"|Purpose
!Example
!Example
|-
|-
|'''-lic'''
|rowspan="4"|'''-lic'''
|Adjectives
|rowspan="4"|Adjectives
|Basic adverbial form of the adjective
|Basic adverbial form of the adjective
|'''gross''' "large" → '''grosslic''' "largely"
|'''gross''' "large" →<br>'''grosslic''' "largely" (adv.)
|}
 
== Sources (for ideas) ==
 
=== Nouns From Other Nouns ===
 
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Purpose
!English
!German
!Latin
!French
!Esperanto
!Old Tri.
|-
|-
! Act, condition, characteristic
|For adjectives formed directly from nouns using the suffix '''-ic''', this suffix replaces the '''-ic''' rather than following it.
| -(i)(t)y, -mony<br>''(authority, victory, patrimony)''
|'''viric''' "manly" (adj.) →<br>'''virlic''' "manly" (adv.)
|
| -(t)ium, -tas, -monium, -(t)ia<br>''(auctoritas, victoria, auspicium, patrimonium)''
|
|
|
|-
|-
! Office
|Adjectives ending in '''-l''' just add '''-ic'''; those in '''-lic''' don't change at all.
| -ate<br>''(principate, shogunate)''
|'''solic''' "only" (adj.) →<br>'''solic''' "only" (adv.)<br>'''häl''' "whole" (adj.) →<br>'''hälic''' "wholly" (adv.)
| -at<br>''(Prinzipat, S(c)hogunat)''
| -atus<br>''(senatus, potentatus)''
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Adjectives ending in a vowel drop it before adding '''-lic'''.
|'''alta''' "high" (adj.) →<br>'''altlic''' "highly" (adv.)
|}
|}


=== Adjectives From Verbs ===
[[Category:Triparic workshop]]
 
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Purpose
!English
!German
!Latin
!French
!Esperanto
!Old Tri.
|-
! Ongoing Condition
| -bund, -cund
|
| -bundus, -(c)undus<br>''(moribundus, fecundus)''
|
|
|
|-
! State/Condition<ref name="idus"/>
| -id
|
| -idus<br>''(frigidus, timidus, pallidus)''
|
|
|
|-
|}
 
<references>
<ref name="idus">A lot of the Latin words of this type have nouns in '''-or''': ''timor, pallor,'' etc.</ref>
</references>
 
=== Other suffixes not to miss ===
 
* -ology
 
 
[[Category:Triparic_workshop]]

Latest revision as of 00:58, 9 April 2018

Affixes are categorized according to the part of speech they produce.

Noun-forming

General Noun Affixes

These are affixes which can be used on any word for which the semantic relation makes sense.

Affix Applied to Purpose Example
-ãzh Verbs Manifestation of the verb brøden "embroider" →
brødãzh "embroidery"
-er Verbs Agent of the verb dixen "speak" →
dixer "speaker"
-ica Nouns, Verbs The subject or field of interest; the collection of things pertaining to herold "herald" →
heroldica "heraldry"
-ide Verbs Patient/object of the verb vocen "to call" →
vocide "the person/thing called"
-ist Nouns, Verbs Profession, vocation luden "to play" →
ludist "professional player"
-kin Nouns Young, offspring cän "dog" →
cänkin "puppy"
-let Nouns Diminutive pådd "house" →
påddlet "small house, bungalow, cottage"
-log Nouns The study of aqua "water" →
aqualog "hydrology"
-løn Adjectives A person characterized by the adjective juvin "young" →
juvinløn "youngster"
-nes Adjectives State of being the adjective rod "red" →
rodnes "redness"
-schaf Nouns State of being könig "king" →
königschaf "kingship"
Verbs Place where it is done
English -arium, -ory; Portuguese -ário, French -oir(e); Latin -arium, -orium; Esperanto -ejo

Specialized Noun Affixes

These are affixes which are generally used only on certain topical categories of words.

Affix Applied to Purpose Example
-(a)n Places Ethnonyms
Note: Unlike in English usage, ethnonyms are not capitalized. 		Kalmont → kalmontan
For places ending in -a, only the -n is added. Triparia → triparian
Niava → niavan
-ät Position, office Reign, term in office könig "king" →
königät "period of reign as king"
-edze Titles of nobility Forms the title of the noble's consort graf "count" → grafedze "consort of a count"
baron "baron" → baronedze "consort of a baron"
imperor "emperor" uses a contracted root for this. imperor "emperor"
(root imper-) → imperedze "emperor's consort"
Roots for beliefs Adherents

Adjective-forming

Affix Applied to Purpose Example
-ic Nouns General purpose conversion to adjective (for nouns not ending in -ic themselves) Triparia →
triparic "Triparian"
-al Nouns Converts nouns ending in -ic to adjectives music →
musical "musical"
-esc Nouns Similar to the noun Kalmont →
Kalmontesc "like Kalmont"
-in Nouns Made of aqua "water" →
aquin "made of water"
-lãs Nouns Lacking tap "head" →
taplãs "headless"
-vol Nouns Full of, having in abundance chocolad "chocolate" →
chocoladvol "full of chocolate"
-isch Adjectives Similar to the base adjective, but not quite meeting the standard rod "red" →
rodisch "reddish"
-axe Verbs Tendency to do the verb quiren "to ask" →
quiraxe "inquisitive"
-eble Verbs Able to be affected by the verb viden "to see" →
videble "visible"
-ent Verbs Present participle dixen "to speak" →
dixent "speaking"

Verb-forming

Affix Applied to Purpose Example
Infinitive ending -en or other normal verb inflections Nouns Denominal verb: the action or event inherently linked to the noun pådd "house" →
pådden "to house"
fe(r)- Nouns, Adjectives Process of becoming the noun or adjective
The -r- is used if the root begins with a vowel. 		könig "king" →
fekönigen "enthrone"
düs- Verbs Gives the verb a negative or undesirable outcome miscen "to mix" →
düsmiscen "to confuse, blur"
er- Verbs Intensifies the verb; adds the sense of doing something utterly, completely, desperately, thoroughly, fiercely bŏzen "to drink socially, get buzzed or drunk" →
erbŏzen "to get completely hammered"
schöpen "to use, draw on" →
erschöpen "to drain, use up, exhaust"

Adverb-forming

Affix Applied to Purpose Example
-lic Adjectives Basic adverbial form of the adjective gross "large" →
grosslic "largely" (adv.)
For adjectives formed directly from nouns using the suffix -ic, this suffix replaces the -ic rather than following it. viric "manly" (adj.) →
virlic "manly" (adv.)
Adjectives ending in -l just add -ic; those in -lic don't change at all. solic "only" (adj.) →
solic "only" (adv.)
häl "whole" (adj.) →
hälic "wholly" (adv.)
Adjectives ending in a vowel drop it before adding -lic. alta "high" (adj.) →
altlic "highly" (adv.)
Retrieved from "https://septempontia.org/mw/index.php?title=Triparic_Word_Formation&oldid=2684"